Tuberculose (TB)
Todas as pessoas que vivem com HIV devem ser testadas quanto a infecção latente por TB (ITBL), independentemente do risco de TB.[1]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
[191]World Health Organization. WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: module 2: screening: systematic screening for tuberculosis disease. Mar 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240022676
[192]U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Latent tuberculosis infection in adults: screening. May 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/latent-tuberculosis-infection-screening
Recomenda-se realizar testagem anual para infecção latente nas pessoas que vivem com HIV que estejam ou permaneçam em alto risco de exposição repetida ou constante a indivíduos com TB ativa.[1]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
As pessoas com testes diagnósticos negativos para ITBL, infecção por HIV avançada (contagem de CD4 <200 células/microlitro) e sem nenhuma indicação de início de tratamento empírico para ITBL, devem ser testadas novamente para ITBL quando iniciarem a terapia antirretroviral e atingirem uma contagem de CD4 de 200 células/microlitro ou mais.[1]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
Toxoplasmose
Todos os indivíduos com HIV devem ser testados quanto a exposição pregressa ao Toxoplasma gondii por meio da dosagem de IgG (imunoglobulina G) antitoxoplasma ao início do tratamento.[1]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
Se os resultados forem positivos, deve-se fornecer profilaxia primária quando a contagem de CD4 estiver abaixo de 100 células/microlitro.[1]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
Se os resultados forem negativos, o paciente deverá ser aconselhado a evitar a infecção (evitar ingestão de carne mal passada e contato com fezes de gato).[1]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
Criptococose
Testes de rotina para o antígeno criptocócico sérico em pessoas recém-diagnosticadas com HIV e sem sinais clínicos aparentes de meningite podem ser considerados para pacientes cuja contagem de CD4 seja ≤100 células/microlitros e, particularmente, em pessoas com contagens de CD4 ≤50 células/microlitros. Se positivo, o exame deve suscitar avaliação do líquido cefalorraquidiano para meningite.[1]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/whats-new
[70]World Health Organization. Guidelines for diagnosing, preventing and managing cryptococcal disease among adults, adolescents and children living with HIV. Jun 2022 [internet publication].
https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/357088/9789240052178-eng.pdf?sequence=1
Coccidioidomicose
Os pacientes assintomáticos que residem em áreas onde a coccidioidomicose é endêmica e que apresentam uma contagem de CD4 ≤250 células/microlitro devem fazer um rastreamento sorológico anual de IgM e IgG para espécies de Coccidioides.[193]Galgiani JN, Ampel NM, Blair JE, et al. 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guideline for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Sep 15;63(6):e112-46.
https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/63/6/e112/2389093
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27470238?tool=bestpractice.com