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Última revisão: 16 Mar 2025
Última atualização: 19 Sep 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • padrão desadaptativo do uso de opioides
  • alta pontuação da Escala de Gravidade da Dependência (ASI)
  • redução dos efeitos agradáveis dos opioides
  • miose
  • pupilas dilatadas
  • respirações superficiais/lentas ou apneia
  • marcas de agulha, cicatrizes ou necrose na pele perto das veias
  • inconsciência
  • pulso <40 bpm

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • constipação crônica
  • perda de peso
  • náuseas/vômitos
  • sedação
  • sono agitado/insônia
  • prejuízo da memória
  • espirros
  • bocejo
  • cólicas abdominais
  • diarreia
  • dorsalgia/espasmos musculares
  • ondas de calor e frio
  • hipotensão
  • sedação
  • confusão
  • fala indistinta
  • comportamento agressivo
  • excesso de transpiração ou lacrimejamento
  • rinorreia
  • sono agitado
  • piloereção
  • taquipneia
  • hipertensão
  • arritmias
  • convulsões

Fatores de risco

  • idade jovem
  • história de um transtorno de saúde mental
  • História de abuso de substâncias
  • terapêutica de longa duração com opioides
  • trauma de infância
  • história familiar de uso de substâncias

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • exame de urina ou saliva para detecção de substâncias
  • cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectroscopia de massas (CG-EM)
  • eletrólitos séricos
  • Hemograma completo
  • ureia/creatinina
  • TFHs
  • sorologia para hepatite
  • sorologia do HIV
  • teste cutâneo com o derivado proteico purificado (PPD)

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • reagina plasmática rápida
  • hemoculturas
  • gonadotrofina coriônica humana beta (beta-hCG)

Algoritmo de tratamento

Colaboradores

Autores

Ashwin A. Patkar, MD, MRCPsych

Associate Professor

Medical Director

Duke Addictions Program

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences

Duke University Medical Center

Durham

NC

Declarações

AAP has received payments for being Consultant to Radeas Labs that performs drug testing and is a member of the Speakers Bureau for Janssen Pharmaceuticals, manufacturer of Spravato, and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals, manufacturer of Rexulti. AP is a stockholder in Generys Biopharmaceuticals that has compounds in development for drug addiction.

Jonathan C. Lee, MD

Medical Director

The Farley Center at Williamsburg Place

Williamsburg

Community Assistant Professor

Department of Family Medicine

Eastern Virginia Medical School

Norfolk

Assistant Clinical Professor

Department of Psychiatry

Virginia Commonwealth University

Richmond

VA

Affiliate Assistant Professor

Department of Psychiatric Medicine

East Carolina University

Greenville

NC

Declarações

JCL declares that he has no competing interests.

Douglas M. Burgess, MD

Assistant Professor

Department of Psychiatry

University of Missouri - Kansas City

Medical Director

Outpatient Behavioral Health

Truman Medical Centers

Kansas City

MO

Declarações

DMB declares that he has no competing interests.

Agradecimentos

Dr Ashwin A. Patkar, Dr Jonathan C. Lee, and Dr Douglas M. Burgess would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Kamal Bhatia and Dr Srilakshmi Musham, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

KB declares that he has received grant support from National Institutes of Health, Lundbeck, Pfizer, and Titan Pharmaceuticals. SM declares that she has received grant support from Pfizer, Titan Pharmaceuticals, Shire, and the Forest Research Institute.

Revisores

Christos Kouimtsidis, MBBS, MSc, MRCPsych, PhD

Consultant Psychiatrist and Honorary Senior Lecturer

Institute of Psychiatry

King's College London

London

UK

Declarações

CK declares that he has no competing interests.

George E. Woody, MD

Emeritus Professor

Department of Psychiatry

Perelman School of Medicine

University of Pennsylvania

Philadelphia

PA

Declarações

GEW declares that he has no competing interests. GEW is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

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