Estima-se que existam cerca de 3 milhões de adultos afetados por doença inflamatória intestinal (CD ou colite ulcerativa) nos EUA.[9]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Apr 2022 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/ibd/index.htm
Normalmente, o início da DC ocorre na segunda a quarta década de vida, com um pico menor dos 50 aos 60 anos.[10]Feuerstein JD, Cheifetz AS. Crohn disease: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Jul;92(7):1088-103.
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(17)30313-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28601423?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Torres J, Mehandru S, Colombel JF, et al. Crohn's disease. Lancet. 2017 Apr 29;389(10080):1741-55.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914655?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jan;142(1):46-54;e42;quiz e30.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(11)01378-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001864?tool=bestpractice.com
A DC é mais comum no mundo industrializado, principalmente na América do Norte e na Europa Ociental, mas a incidência está aumentando em países recém-industrializados da Ásia, América do Sul e Oriente Médio.[10]Feuerstein JD, Cheifetz AS. Crohn disease: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Jul;92(7):1088-103.
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(17)30313-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28601423?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Torres J, Mehandru S, Colombel JF, et al. Crohn's disease. Lancet. 2017 Apr 29;389(10080):1741-55.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914655?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jan;142(1):46-54;e42;quiz e30.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(11)01378-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001864?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet. 2018 Dec 23;390(10114):2769-78.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29050646?tool=bestpractice.com
[14]Ng SC, Tang W, Ching JY, et al. Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-pacific Crohn's and colitis epidemiology study. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jul;145(1):158-65;e2.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(13)00500-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23583432?tool=bestpractice.com
[15]Selvaratnam S, Gullino S, Shim L, et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in South America: a systematic review. World J Gastroenterol. 2019 Dec 21;25(47):6866-75.
https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v25/i47/6866.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31885427?tool=bestpractice.com
Uma revisão sistemática relatou incidências anuais de DC de 20.0 por 100,000 pessoas-ano na América do Norte, 12.7 por 100,000 pessoas-ano na Europa e 5.0 por 100,000 pessoas-ano na Ásia e no Oriente Médio.[12]Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jan;142(1):46-54;e42;quiz e30.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(11)01378-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001864?tool=bestpractice.com
Alguns estudos sugerem uma incidência ligeiramente superior entre mulheres, mas esses achados não são consistentes.[12]Molodecky NA, Soon IS, Rabi DM, et al. Increasing incidence and prevalence of the inflammatory bowel diseases with time, based on systematic review. Gastroenterology. 2012 Jan;142(1):46-54;e42;quiz e30.
https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/S0016-5085(11)01378-3/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22001864?tool=bestpractice.com
A DC parece ser mais comum em indivíduos brancos e em pessoas de origem judaica asquenaze.[10]Feuerstein JD, Cheifetz AS. Crohn disease: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017 Jul;92(7):1088-103.
https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(17)30313-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28601423?tool=bestpractice.com
[16]Aniwan S, Harmsen WS, Tremaine WJ, et al. Incidence of inflammatory bowel disease by race and ethnicity in a population-based inception cohort from 1970 through 2010. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb 6;12:1756284819827692.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1756284819827692
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30792818?tool=bestpractice.com
[17]Betteridge JD, Armbruster SP, Maydonovitch C, et al. Inflammatory bowel disease prevalence by age, gender, race, and geographic location in the US military health care population. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2013 Jun;19(7):1421-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23518811?tool=bestpractice.com
Cerca de 10% a 25% dos pacientes afetados têm um parente de primeiro grau com DC.[18]Peeters M, Nevens H, Baert F, et al. Familial aggregation in Crohn's disease: increased age-adjusted risk and concordance in clinical characteristics. Gastroenterology. 1996 Sep;111(3):597-603.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8780562?tool=bestpractice.com
[19]Joossens M, Simoens M, Vermeire S, et al. Contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease in a large family with multiple cases. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2007 May;13(5):580-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17206668?tool=bestpractice.com
Foi relatada uma maior prevalência entre tabagistas.[20]Cosnes J, Beaugerie L, Carbonnel F, et al. Smoking cessation and the course of Crohn's disease: an intervention study. Gastroenterology. 2001 Apr;120(5):1093-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11266373?tool=bestpractice.com
[21]Silverstein MD, Lashner BA, Hanauer SB, et al. Cigarette smoking in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 1989 Jan;84(1):31-3.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2912028?tool=bestpractice.com
Uma revisão sistemática confirmou a alta prevalência de DC na Europa (322 por 100,000 na Alemanha) e na América do Norte (319 por 100,000 no Canadá).[13]Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet. 2018 Dec 23;390(10114):2769-78.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29050646?tool=bestpractice.com
No entanto, a incidência de DC parece estar estável ou em declínio nessas regiões.[13]Ng SC, Shi HY, Hamidi N, et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet. 2018 Dec 23;390(10114):2769-78.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29050646?tool=bestpractice.com