O câncer de tireoide é a neoplasia maligna endocrinológica mais comum.[16]Pizzato M, Li M, Vignat J, et al. The epidemiological landscape of thyroid cancer worldwide: GLOBOCAN estimates for incidence and mortality rates in 2020. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Apr;10(4):264-72.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35271818?tool=bestpractice.com
Nos EUA, o câncer de tireoide é responsável por 2.2% de todos os novos casos de câncer; a idade mediana no momento do diagnóstico é de 51 anos.[17]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: thyroid cancer. 2023 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html
Houve uma estimativa de 44,020 novos casos em 2024 nos EUA, com 2170 mortes atribuíveis à doença.[17]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: thyroid cancer. 2023 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html
As taxas de incidência do câncer de tireoide são cerca de três vezes maiores nas mulheres que nos homens.[16]Pizzato M, Li M, Vignat J, et al. The epidemiological landscape of thyroid cancer worldwide: GLOBOCAN estimates for incidence and mortality rates in 2020. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Apr;10(4):264-72.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35271818?tool=bestpractice.com
[17]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: thyroid cancer. 2023 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html
Nos EUA, a probabilidade de desenvolver câncer de tireoide invasivo ao longo da vida é de 1.8% (1 em 55) para mulheres e 0.7% (1 em 149) para homens.[18]Siegel RL, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, et al. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022 Jan;72(1):7-33.
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.21708
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35020204?tool=bestpractice.com
A incidência do câncer de tireoide varia geograficamente; a maior incidência ocorre na América do Norte, e a menor incidência ocorre na África, embora isso possa refletir uma variação na qualidade dos dados em todo o mundo.[19]James BC, Mitchell JM, Jeon HD, et al. An update in international trends in incidence rates of thyroid cancer, 1973-2007. Cancer Causes Control. 2018 May;29(4-5):465-73.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29623496?tool=bestpractice.com
As taxas de incidência de câncer de tireoide têm aumentado em muitos países.[20]Panato C, Vaccarella S, Dal Maso L, et al. Thyroid cancer incidence in India between 2006 and 2014 and impact of overdiagnosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Aug 1;105(8):2507-14.
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/105/8/2507/5820802
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32297630?tool=bestpractice.com
[21]Wu J, Zhao X, Sun J, et al. The epidemic of thyroid cancer in China: current trends and future prediction. Front Oncol. 2022 Sep 2;12:932729.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.932729/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36119514?tool=bestpractice.com
[22]Miranda-Filho A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Bray F, et al. Thyroid cancer incidence trends by histology in 25 countries: a population-based study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Apr;9(4):225-34.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33662333?tool=bestpractice.com
[23]Wang C, Wu Z, Lei L, et al. Geographic disparities in trends of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality from 1990 to 2019 and a projection to 2030 across income-classified countries and territories. J Glob Health. 2023 Sep 29;13:04108.
https://jogh.org/2023/jogh-13-04108
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37766638?tool=bestpractice.com
O aumento no diagnóstico do câncer de tireoide papilar é o fator contribuinte predominante; estima-se que 70 a 80% dos casos nos EUA sejam lesões assintomáticas que não seriam detectadas durante a vida de um paciente na ausência de exames de imagem.[24]Roman BR, Morris LG, Davies L. The thyroid cancer epidemic, 2017 perspective. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2017 Oct;24(5):332-6.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5864110
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28692457?tool=bestpractice.com
As taxas de incidência de cânceres de tireoide clinicamente relevantes, conforme definido pela histologia, tamanho e invasividade, não mudaram significativamente em 80 anos.[25]Genere N, El Kawkgi OM, Giblon RE, et al. Incidence of clinically relevant thyroid cancers remains stable for almost a century: a population-based study. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021 Nov;96(11):2823-30.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9645772
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34736609?tool=bestpractice.com