A doença celíaca é um distúrbio comum nos EUA e na Europa. Constatou-se uma prevalência relativamente uniforme em muitos países, com soroprevalência global acumulada e prevalência confirmada por biópsia de 1.4% e 0.7%, respectivamente, de acordo com estudos bem desenhados.[1]Singh P, Arora A, Strand TA, et al. Global prevalence of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jun;16(6):823-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29551598?tool=bestpractice.com
[2]Sood A, Midha V, Sood N, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease among school children in Punjab, North India. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Oct;21(10):1622-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16928227?tool=bestpractice.com
[3]Ertekin V, Selimoglu MA, Kardas F, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in Turkish children. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Sep;39(8):689-91.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16082278?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Yap TW, Chan WK, Leow AH, et al. Prevalence of serum celiac antibodies in a multiracial Asian population: a first study in the young Asian adult population of Malaysia. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 23;10(3):e0121908.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0121908
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25799401?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Ashtari S, Najafimehr H, Pourhoseingholi MA, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in low and high risk population in Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 27;11(1):2383.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/33504878
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33504878?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Makharia GK, Chauhan A, Singh P, et al. Review article: Epidemiology of coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Jul;56 Suppl 1:S3-17.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35815830?tool=bestpractice.com
Apesar de a soroprevalência ser similar no mundo todo, a doença celíaca confirmada por biópsia é ligeiramente menos comum na América do Sul, Oriente Médio, Turquia e África Subsaariana, e é rara na China e no Japão.[1]Singh P, Arora A, Strand TA, et al. Global prevalence of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jun;16(6):823-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29551598?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Ashtari S, Najafimehr H, Pourhoseingholi MA, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in low and high risk population in Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Jan 27;11(1):2383.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/33504878
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33504878?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Singh P, Arora S, Singh A, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jun;31(6):1095-101.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26678020?tool=bestpractice.com
Austrália, Nova Zelândia, Israel e Índia apresentam os mesmos índices de soroprevalência e doença celíaca confirmada por biópsia que os países europeus e norte-americanos.[7]Singh P, Arora S, Singh A, et al. Prevalence of celiac disease in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jun;31(6):1095-101.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26678020?tool=bestpractice.com
A incidência e a prevalência da doença celíaca pediátrica estão aumentando na Europa, principalmente no norte da Europa.[8]Roberts SE, Morrison-Rees S, Thapar N, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: the incidence and prevalence of paediatric coeliac disease across Europe. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jul;54(2):109-28.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34115894?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]King JA, Jeong J, Underwood FE, et al. Incidence of celiac disease is increasing over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 Apr;115(4):507-25.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32022718?tool=bestpractice.com
A incidência também pode estar aumentando nos EUA; com base em um estudo de rastreamento de crianças em Denver, Colorado, a incidência cumulativa da doença celíaca foi estimada em 3.1% até os 15 anos de idade.[10]Liu E, Dong F, Barón AE, et al. High incidence of celiac disease in a long-term study of adolescents with susceptibility genotypes. Gastroenterology. 2017 May;152(6):1329-36.e1.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/28188747
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28188747?tool=bestpractice.com
As mulheres têm probabilidade ligeiramente maior de ser acometidas por doença celíaca.[1]Singh P, Arora A, Strand TA, et al. Global prevalence of celiac disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jun;16(6):823-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29551598?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Jansson-Knodell CL, Hujoel IA, West CP, et al. Sex difference in celiac disease in undiagnosed populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019 Sep;17(10):1954-68.e13.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448593?tool=bestpractice.com
Embora a idade mais comum no momento do diagnóstico, nos EUA, seja de cerca de 40 anos, a doença celíaca pode ser diagnosticada em qualquer idade.[12]Green PH. The many faces of celiac disease: clinical presentation of celiac disease in the adult population. Gastroenterology. 2005 Apr;128(4 Suppl 1):S74-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15825130?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Green PH, Stavropoulos SN, Panagi SG, et al. Characteristics of adult celiac disease in the USA: results of a national survey. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Jan;96(1):126-31.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11197241?tool=bestpractice.com
Acredita-se que a prevalência de doença celíaca assintomática seja responsável por pelo menos 20% dos pacientes. A prevalência de doença celíaca refratária em pacientes com doença celíaca é inferior a 1%.[14]Ilus T, Kaukinen K, Virta LJ, et al. Refractory coeliac disease in a country with a high prevalence of clinically-diagnosed coeliac disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Feb;39(4):418-25.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apt.12606
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24387637?tool=bestpractice.com