Perspectiva
Com base em dados de 2014-2020, o Programa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results do National Cancer Institute relata uma taxa de sobrevida relativa de 5 anos de 88.9% entre pacientes com qualquer estádio de LH no momento do diagnóstico.[151]National Cancer Institute; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Hodgkin lymphoma: SEER 5-year relative survival rates, 2012-2018 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=83&data_type=4&graph_type=5&compareBy=sex&chk_sex_1=1&series=9&race=1&age_range=1&stage=101&advopt_precision=1&advopt_show_ci=on&hdn_view=1&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#tableWrap
LH precoce (estádio I a estádio II)
O prognóstico para pacientes com LH em estádio inicial é excelente, com controle de 80% a 90% da doença em longo prazo após terapia de modalidade combinada (isto é, quimioterapia combinada seguida de radioterapia dos campos envolvidos com dose baixa).[51]Meyer RM, Gospodarowicz MK, Connors JM, et al. Randomized comparison of ABVD chemotherapy with a strategy that includes radiation therapy in patients with limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jul 20;23(21):4634-42.
https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/jco.2005.09.085
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15837968?tool=bestpractice.com
[55]Noordijk EM, Carde P, Dupouy N, et al. Combined-modality therapy for clinical stage I or II Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term results of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer H7 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jul 1;24(19):3128-35.
https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/jco.2005.05.2746
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16754934?tool=bestpractice.com
[152]Engert A, Schiller P, Josting A, et al. Involved-field radiotherapy is equally effective and less toxic compared with extended-field radiotherapy after four cycles of chemotherapy in patients with early-stage unfavorable Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of the HD8 trial of the German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Oct 1;21(19):3601-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12913100?tool=bestpractice.com
Embora a recorrência do LH seja a principal causa de óbito nos primeiros 15 anos depois do tratamento, a maior probabilidade de óbito dos pacientes com acompanhamento contínuo é por malignidades secundárias ou por doença cardíaca.[153]Ng AK, Bernardo MP, Weller E, et al. Long-term survival and competing causes of death in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's disease treated at age 50 or younger. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Apr 15;20(8):2101-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11956271?tool=bestpractice.com
Abordagens de tratamento mais novas visam reduzir a intensidade do tratamento, mas manter as altas taxas de cura. Estas incluem o uso de radioterapia do sítio envolvido em vez da radioterapia do campo envolvido. A radioterapia do sítio envolvido se concentra apenas na radiação dos linfonodos envolvidos e sítios próximos, minimizando a exposição à radiação de estruturas não envolvidas e reduzindo o risco de efeitos adversos (por exemplo, neoplasias malignas secundárias, doenças cardiovasculares, diminuição da função pulmonar). Embora as evidências em favor da radioterapia do sítio envolvido no LH estejam evoluindo, esta é a abordagem preferida e o atual padrão de cuidados.[33]National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Hodgkin lymphoma [internet publication].
https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/default.aspx
[70]Specht L, Yahalom J, Illidge T, et al. Modern radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: field and dose guidelines from the international lymphoma radiation oncology group (ILROG). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014 Jul 15;89(4):854-62.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790512?tool=bestpractice.com
[71]Roberts KB, Younes A, Hodgson DC, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® Hodgkin lymphoma-unfavorable clinical stage I and II. Am J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug;39(4):384-95.
https://www.doi.org/10.1097/COC.0000000000000294
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27299425?tool=bestpractice.com
[72]Kamran SC, Jacene HA, Chen YH, et al. Clinical outcome of patients with early stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma treated with ABVD × two cycles followed by FDG-PET/CT restaging and 20 Gy of involved-site radiotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma. 2018 Jun;59(6):1384-90.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28937297?tool=bestpractice.com
[73]Wirth A, Mikhaeel NG, Aleman BMP, et al. Involved site radiation therapy in adult lymphomas: an overview of International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group guidelines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 Aug 1;107(5):909-33.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.03.019
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32272184?tool=bestpractice.com
LH avançado (estádio III a estádio IV)
O LH avançado é uma doença heterogênea. De modo geral, o controle da doença em longo prazo, após a quimioterapia isolada ou depois da terapia de modalidades combinadas, é de aproximadamente 60% a 80%.[154]Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, et al. Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 12;348(24):2386-95. [Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2005 Aug 18;353(7):744.]
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa022473
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12802024?tool=bestpractice.com
[155]Canellos GP, Anderson JR, Propert KJ, et al. Chemotherapy of advanced Hodgkin's disease with MOPP, ABVD, or MOPP alternating with ABVD. N Engl J Med. 1992 Nov 19;327(21):1478-84.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1383821?tool=bestpractice.com
[156]Gobbi PG, Levis A, Chisesi T, et al. ABVD versus modified Stanford V versus MOPPEBVCAD with optional and limited radiotherapy in intermediate- and advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: final results of a multicenter randomized trial by the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Dec 20;23(36):9198-207.
https://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/jco.2005.02.907
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16172458?tool=bestpractice.com
LH com predominância linfocitária nodular (LHPLN)
A maioria dos pacientes com LHPLN apresenta doença assintomática inicial (estádio I a II). O prognóstico geral para pacientes com LHPLN é bom, particularmente para doença em estádio inicial. O controle da doença em longo prazo com as estratégias de tratamento atuais é de aproximadamente 80% a 90% para a doença em estádio inicial.[133]Eichenauer DA, Plütschow A, Fuchs M, et al. Long-term course of patients with stage IA nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the German Hodgkin study group. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Sep 10;33(26):2857-62.
https://www.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2014.60.4363
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26240235?tool=bestpractice.com
[157]Schlembach PJ, Wilder RB, Jones D, et al. Radiotherapy alone for lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease. Cancer J. 2002 Sep-Oct;8(5):377-83.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12416895?tool=bestpractice.com
[158]Wirth A, Yuen K, Barton M, et al. Long-term outcome after radiotherapy alone for lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: a retrospective multicenter study of the Australasian Radiation Oncology Lymphoma Group. Cancer. 2005 Sep 15;104(6):1221-9.
https://www.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.21303
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16094666?tool=bestpractice.com
[159]Chen RC, Chin MS, Ng AK, et al. Early-stage, lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma: patient outcomes from a large, single-institution series with long follow-up. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jan 1;28(1):136-41.
https://www.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.24.0945
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933914?tool=bestpractice.com