Resumo
Definição
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
- presença de fatores de risco
- tiques observados
- sensação premonitória
- capacidade de suprimir os tiques
- os sintomas podem melhorar em caso de distração
- restante do exame neurológico normal
Outros fatores diagnósticos
- os sintomas se agravam com estresse, ansiedade, agitação ou transições
- intensidade variável ao longo do tempo
- sintomas de transtorno psiquiátrico comórbido
Fatores de risco
- início com <18 anos de idade
- sexo masculino
- história familiar de tiques
- história familiar de transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo (TOC), TDAH ou depressão
- tabagismo materno pré-natal
- história de TOC ou TDAH
- história de transtorno do espectro autista (TEA)
Investigações diagnósticas
Investigações a serem consideradas
- ressonância nuclear magnética (RNM) cranioencefálica com e sem contraste
- eletroencefalograma
- análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano (punção lombar)
Algoritmo de tratamento
Colaboradores
Autores
Tamara Pringsheim, MD, FRCPC
Professor
University of Calgary
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Community Health Sciences
Calgary
Canada
Declarações
TP has received research grants for Tourette's syndrome from Alberta Health and the Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute. TP is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Agradecimentos
Professor Tamara Pringsheim would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Tanya K. Murphy, Dr Fatima Masumova, Dr Cathy L. Budman, Dr Amber Stocco, Dr Migvis Monduy, and Dr Bobbi Hopkins, previous contributors to this topic.
Declarações
FM, AS, MM, and BH declare that they have no competing interests. TKM has received research grants from Auspex Pharmaceuticals, the National Institute of Mental Health, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer Inc., F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Massachusetts General Hospital, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals, Neurocrine Bioscience, Psyadon Pharmaceuticals, and PANDAS Network; she is on the advisory board for the International Obsessive Compulsive Foundation; she is also an author of several references cited in this topic. CLB has received research funding from Otsuka, Psyadon, Auspex, Teva, Neurocrine, and Synchroneuron Pharmaceuticals; she is a consultant for Bracket and a paid speaker for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - National Tourette Syndrome Association Partnership; she is an author of several references cited in this topic.
Revisores
Francis Filloux, MD
Chief
Division of Pediatric Neurology
University of Utah School of Medicine
Salt Lake City
UT
Declarações
FF declares that he has no competing interests.
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