É necessário acompanhamento rigoroso por, pelo menos, 60 meses para identificar recidiva local, desenvolvimento de tumor de Wilms contralateral, metástases à distância e efeitos adversos graves e raros do tratamento, tais como neoplasias malignas secundárias, insuficiência renal, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, doença pulmonar restritiva e infertilidade.[133]Spreafico F, Terenziani M, Testa S, et al. Long-term renal outcome in adolescent and young adult patients nephrectomized for unilateral Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2014 Jun;61(6):1136-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273060?tool=bestpractice.com
[134]Green DM. Evaluation of renal function after successful treatment for unilateral, non-syndromic Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Dec;60(12):1929-35.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24039069?tool=bestpractice.com
[135]Kern AJ, Inouye B, Ko JS, et al. Impact of nephrectomy on long-term renal function in non-syndromic children treated for unifocal Wilms tumor. J Pediatr Urol. 2014 Aug;10(4):662-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25439657?tool=bestpractice.com
[136]Kishore SS, Oberoi S, Bhattacharya A, et al. Function and size of the residual kidney after treatment of Wilms tumor. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2015 Feb;32(1):11-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25247237?tool=bestpractice.com
A vigilância do tumor inclui tomografia computadorizada abdominal e torácica e deve ser realizada em série até 18 meses depois do término do tratamento. A ultrassonografia abdominal e a radiografia torácica são suficientes para identificar quaisquer recidivas tardias a partir de então.[94]Dome JS, Cotton CA, Perlman EJ, et al. Treatment of anaplastic histology Wilms' tumor: results from the fifth National Wilms' Tumor Study. J Clin Oncol. 2006 May 20;24(15):2352-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16710034?tool=bestpractice.com
[96]Speafico F, Pritchard Jones K, Malogolowkin MH, et al. Treatment of relapsed Wilms tumors: lessons learned. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2009 Dec;9(12):1807-15.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19954292?tool=bestpractice.com
[102]Green DM. The treatment of stages I-IV favorable histology Wilms' tumor. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Apr 15;22(8):1366-72.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15084612?tool=bestpractice.com
[137]Weirich A, Ludwig R, Graf N, et al. Survival in nephroblastoma treated according to the trial and study SIOP-9/GPOH with respect to relapse and morbidity. Ann Oncol. 2004 May;15(5):808-20.
https://www.annalsofoncology.org/article/S0923-7534(19)55770-2/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15111352?tool=bestpractice.com
Ecocardiografia (identifica efeitos adversos cardíacos induzidos por antraciclina) e clearance da creatinina também devem ser realizados em série (isto é, no diagnóstico, na metade do tratamento, no final do tratamento e 1, 3 e 5 anos após o tratamento).
Se o paciente tiver tumor de Wilms bilateral, uma síndrome genética associada ou se restos nefrogênicos forem identificados, um esquema de vigilância maior será recomendado.[78]Beckwith JB. Nephrogenic rests and the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor: developmental and clinical considerations. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Oct 2;79(4):268-73.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9781906?tool=bestpractice.com
[138]Coppes MJ, Beckwith JB. Clinical approach to renal lesions in children with multiple nephrogenic rests. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000 Jul;35(1):73-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10881011?tool=bestpractice.com