A incidência e a mortalidade de abscessos pulmonares diminuíram bastante desde a introdução e o uso generalizado de antibióticos, drenagem percutânea e outras opções de tratamento.[6]Maitre T, Ok V, Calin R, et al. Pyogenic lung abscess in an infectious disease unit: a 20-year retrospective study. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2021 Jan-Dec;15:17534666211003012.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17534666211003012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34098822?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Takayanagi N, Kagiyama N, Ishiguro T, et al. Etiology and outcome of community-acquired lung abscess. Respiration. 2010;80(2):98-105.
https://karger.com/res/article/80/2/98/289854/Etiology-and-Outcome-of-Community-Acquired-Lung
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20389050?tool=bestpractice.com
Em países desenvolvidos, o padrão da doença tem mudado, sendo que os abscessos pulmonares surgem cada vez mais de forma secundária a doenças subjacentes.[6]Maitre T, Ok V, Calin R, et al. Pyogenic lung abscess in an infectious disease unit: a 20-year retrospective study. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2021 Jan-Dec;15:17534666211003012.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17534666211003012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34098822?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]van den Berg JM, van Koppen E, Åhlin A, et al. Chronic granulomatous disease: the European experience. PLoS One. 2009;4(4):e5234.
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0005234
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19381301?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Pohlson EC, McNamara JJ, Char C, et al. Lung abscess: a changing pattern of disease. Am J Surg. 1985 Jul;150(1):97-101.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4014575?tool=bestpractice.com
Homens e idosos tendem a ser afetados com mais frequência.[6]Maitre T, Ok V, Calin R, et al. Pyogenic lung abscess in an infectious disease unit: a 20-year retrospective study. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2021 Jan-Dec;15:17534666211003012.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/17534666211003012
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34098822?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Walters J, Foley N, Molyneux M. Continuing education in anaesthesia, critical care and pain: pus in the thorax: management of empyema and lung abscess. 2011 Dec 1;11(6):229-33.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743181617301968
[11]Desrumaux A, Francois P, Pascal C, et al. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of childhood parapneumonic empyemas [in French]. Arch Pediatr. 2007 Nov;14(11):1298-303.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17631988?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Patradoon-Ho P, Fitzgerald DA. Lung abscess in children. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2007 Mar;8(1):77-84.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17419981?tool=bestpractice.com
Vale ressaltar que mais da metade de todos os abscessos pulmonares apresentam flora mista e até metade apresentam anaeróbios.[10]Walters J, Foley N, Molyneux M. Continuing education in anaesthesia, critical care and pain: pus in the thorax: management of empyema and lung abscess. 2011 Dec 1;11(6):229-33.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743181617301968
Por fim, o abscesso pulmonar tem uma mortalidade relatada de 10% nos casos não complicados, mas pode aumentar para 75% nas presenças de câncer, imunossupressão, alteração do nível de consciência, anemia e pneumonia (incluindo Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus ou Klebsiella pneumoniae).[10]Walters J, Foley N, Molyneux M. Continuing education in anaesthesia, critical care and pain: pus in the thorax: management of empyema and lung abscess. 2011 Dec 1;11(6):229-33.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1743181617301968