Se possível, os lactentes devem ser alimentados exclusivamente com leite materno durante os 6 primeiros meses. A amamentação deve ser mantida com a adição de alimentos complementares, pelo menos ao longo dos 12 primeiros meses. Depois desse período, a amamentação deverá ser encorajada e mantida até o momento em que a mãe e o lactente desejarem.[89]Lamberti LM, Fischer Walker CL, Noiman A, et al. Breastfeeding and the risk for diarrhea morbidity and mortality. BMC Public Health. 2011 Apr 13;11(suppl 3):S15.
https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-11-S3-S15
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501432?tool=bestpractice.com
[90]Eidelman AI. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk: an analysis of the American Academy of Pediatrics 2012 breastfeeding policy statement. Breastfeed Med. 2012 Oct;7(5):323-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22946888?tool=bestpractice.com
Recomenda-se a imunização universal de lactentes desde as 6 semanas de idade e a finalização do cronograma até os 8 meses e 0 dia de idade com vacina contra rotavírus.[36]Cortese MM, Parashar UD; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis among infants and children: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2009 Feb 6;58(RR-2):1-25.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5802a1.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19194371?tool=bestpractice.com
[37]Le Saux N; Canadian Pediatric Society. Position statement: recommendations for the use of rotavirus vaccines in infants. Oct 2018 [internet publication].
https://www.cps.ca/documents/position/rotavirus-vaccines
[38]US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommended child and adolescent immunization schedule for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html
[91]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Catch-up immunization schedule for children and adolescents who start late or who are more than 1 month behind, United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/catchup.html
As vacinas contra rotavírus são seguras e eficazes contra a morbidade e mortalidade do rotavírus.[92]Munos MK, Fischer Walker CL, Black RE. The effect of rotavirus vaccine on diarrhoea mortality. Int J Epidemiol. 2010 Apr;39 Suppl 1:i56-62.
https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/39/suppl_1/i56/699835
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20348127?tool=bestpractice.com
[93]Soares-Weiser K, Maclehose H, Bergman H, et al. Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea: vaccines in use. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Nov 14;(11):CD008521.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD008521.pub3/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23152260?tool=bestpractice.com
No Reino Unido, a vacina contra o rotavírus é contraindicada em bebês com imunodeficiência combinada grave.[94]UK Health Security Agency. Vaccine update: changes to the NHS neonatal Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunisation programme. May 2022 [internet publication].
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/vaccine-update-issue-327-may-2022-scid-tb-and-bcg-special-edition/vaccine-update-issue-327-april-2022-scid-tb-and-bcg-special-edition