O uso de contraceptivos orais combinados diminui a ocorrência de ovulação ao longo da vida e evita as elevações cíclicas da gonadotrofina que desencadeiam o desenvolvimento folicular. Não somente diminui o desenvolvimento de cistos ovarianos, mas qualquer uso de contraceptivo causa uma redução de 40% no risco relativo de câncer do ovário.[21]Kumle M, Weiderpass E, Braaten T, et al. Risk for invasive and borderline epithelial ovarian neoplasias following use of hormonal contraceptives: the Norwegian-Swedish women's lifestyle and health cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2004 Apr 5;90(7):1386-91.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2409682
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15054460?tool=bestpractice.com
[22]Beral V, Doll R, Hermon C, et al; Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet. 2008 Jan 26;371(9609):303-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294997?tool=bestpractice.com
O uso prolongado (15 anos ou mais) proporciona uma redução de 90% no risco de câncer de ovário.[21]Kumle M, Weiderpass E, Braaten T, et al. Risk for invasive and borderline epithelial ovarian neoplasias following use of hormonal contraceptives: the Norwegian-Swedish women's lifestyle and health cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2004 Apr 5;90(7):1386-91.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2409682
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15054460?tool=bestpractice.com
[22]Beral V, Doll R, Hermon C, et al; Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet. 2008 Jan 26;371(9609):303-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18294997?tool=bestpractice.com
O uso da pílula contraceptiva oral (PCO) não é recomendado como estratégia preventiva primária para todas as mulheres, mas a prevenção de cisto é um benefício para as mulheres que escolhem usá-la.
Embora não seja recomendada para a prevenção de cistos ovarianos benignos, pode-se oferecer a ooforectomia profilática para as mulheres com mutações de BRCA-1 ou BRCA-2 ou síndrome de Lynch II conhecidas, ou para as mulheres menopausadas que vão se submeter a uma histerectomia por motivos benignos.[9]Chen MJ, Yang JH, Yang YS, et al. Increased occurrence of tubo-ovarian abscesses in women with stage III and IV endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2004 Aug;82(2):498-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15302314?tool=bestpractice.com
[23]Kauff ND, Satagopan JM, Robson ME, et al. Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in women with a BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutation. N Engl J Med. 2002 May 23;346(21):1609-15.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa020119#t=article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12023992?tool=bestpractice.com
[24]Piver MS. Prophylactic oophorectomy: reducing the U.S. death rate from epithelial ovarian cancer: a continuing debate. Oncologist. 1996;1(5):326-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10388011?tool=bestpractice.com
[25]Rebbeck TR, Lynch HT, Neuhausen SL, et al. Prophylactic oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA-1 or BRCA-2 mutations. N Engl J Med. 2002 May 23;346(21):1616-22.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa012158#t=article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12023993?tool=bestpractice.com