A anafilaxia é subnotificada e é difícil estimar visto que as definições do estudo e os critérios nem sempre são comparáveis.[1]LoVerde D, Iweala OI, Eginli A, et al. Anaphylaxis. Chest. 2017 Aug 8;153(2):528-43.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6026262
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28800865?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Sampson HA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, et al. Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report - second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Feb;117(2):391-7.
http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749%2805%2902723-5/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16461139?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Campbell RL, Hagan JB, Manivannan V, et al. Evaluation of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network criteria for the diagnosis of anaphylaxis in emergency department patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Mar;129(3):748-52.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22051698?tool=bestpractice.com
Estudos dos EUA e da Europa estimam uma prevalência de anafilaxia ao longo da vida entre 1.6% e 5.1%, com taxa de incidência de 42 por 100,000 pessoas-ano.[8]Lieberman P, Camargo CA Jr, Bohlke K, et al. Epidemiology of anaphylaxis: findings of the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis Working Group. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006 Nov;97(5):596-602.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17165265?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Wood RA, Camargo CA Jr, Lieberman P, et al. Anaphylaxis in America: the prevalence and characteristics of anaphylaxis in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Feb;133(2):461-7.
https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(13)01302-X/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24144575?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Grabenhenrich LB, Dölle S, Moneret-Vautrin A, et al. Anaphylaxis in children and adolescents: the European Anaphylaxis Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Apr;137(4):1128-37;e1.
https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(15)02991-7/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26806049?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Lee S, Hess EP, Lohse C, et al. Trends, characteristics, and incidence of anaphylaxis in 2001-2010: a population-based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017 Jan;139(1):182-8;e2.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5182191
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27378753?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, et al. Anaphylaxis - a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Apr;145(4):1082-123.
https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(20)30105-6/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32001253?tool=bestpractice.com
Essas estimativas variam de acordo com a população, método de identificação e classificação utilizada. A incidência e a prevalência são diferentes para alérgenos específicos.
A incidência de reações alérgicas causadas por alimentos codificadas como anafilaxia é maior em crianças pequenas.[13]Umasunthar T, Leonardi-Bee J, Turner PJ, et al. Incidence of food anaphylaxis in people with food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2015 Nov;45(11):1621-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25495886?tool=bestpractice.com
Em crianças, a alergia alimentar é mais prevalente no mundo industrializado e nas economias emergentes do sudeste asiático, provavelmente em virtude da maior exposição a alimentos processados. A alergia alimentar afeta ambos os sexos igualmente.[14]Bock SA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Sampson HA. Fatalities due to anaphylactic reactions to foods. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Jan;107(1):191-3.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11150011?tool=bestpractice.com
Existem relatos de taxas ligeiramente superiores de anafilaxia alimentar em homens em Hong Kong[15]Smit DV, Cameron PA, Rainer TH. Anaphylaxis presentations to an emergency department in Hong Kong: incidence and predictors of biphasic reactions. J Emerg Med. 2005 May;28(4):381-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15837017?tool=bestpractice.com
e em mulheres na Austrália.[16]Brown AF, McKinnon D, Chu K. Emergency department anaphylaxis: a review of 142 patients in a single year. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Nov;108(5):861-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11692116?tool=bestpractice.com
Na América do Norte, Europa e Austrália, acredita-se que a anafilaxia induzida por alimentos seja responsável por um terço a metade dos casos de anafilaxia nos prontos-socorros.[17]Sampson HA. Anaphylaxis and emergency treatment. Pediatrics. 2003 Jun;111(6 Pt 3):1601-8.
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/111/Supplement_3/1601.full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12777599?tool=bestpractice.com
Os medicamentos, principalmente a penicilina e os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs), são causas comuns de anafilaxia em adultos.[18]Worm M. Epidemiology of anaphylaxis. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2010 Jun 1;95:12-21.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20519879?tool=bestpractice.com
[19]Gelincik A, Demirtürk M, Yılmaz E, et al. Anaphylaxis in a tertiary adult allergy clinic: a retrospective review of 516 patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012 Dec 20;110(2):96-100.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23352528?tool=bestpractice.com
[20]Aun MV, Blanca M, Garro LS, et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are major causes of drug-induced anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2014 May 23;2(4):414-20.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25017529?tool=bestpractice.com
O risco de anafilaxia após administração de vacina é baixo. Uma revisão do Vaccine Safety Datalink estimou o risco de anafilaxia após vacinação como sendo 1.31 por milhão de doses.[21]McNeil MM, Weintraub ES, Duffy J, et al. Risk of anaphylaxis after vaccination in children and adults. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Oct 6;137(3):868-78.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.048
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26452420?tool=bestpractice.com