A prevalência de catarata aumenta com a idade, especialmente após os 60 anos.[3]Hashemi H, Pakzad R, Yekta A, et al. Global and regional prevalence of age-related cataract: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond). 2020 Aug;34(8):1357-70.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-020-0806-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32055021?tool=bestpractice.com
Nos EUA, a prevalência é de aproximadamente 17% (equivalente a 24 milhões de pessoas em 2010) e deve aumentar para 38.7 milhões até 2030.[4]National Eye Institute. Cataract tables. Feb 2020 [internet publication].
https://www.nei.nih.gov/learn-about-eye-health/eye-health-data-and-statistics/cataract-data-and-statistics/cataract-tables
No Reino Unido, em 2022, estima-se que 725,000 pessoas viviam com catarata.[5]Royal National Institute of Blind People. Sight loss data tool. Dec 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.rnib.org.uk/professionals/health-social-care-education-professionals/knowledge-and-research-hub/sight-loss-data-tool
A catarata continua sendo a principal causa de cegueira no mundo.[6]GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators; Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-60.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820391
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33275949?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]World Health Organization. Blindness and vision impairment. Aug 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment
Mundialmente, em 2020, entre as pessoas com idade ≥50 anos, houve:[6]GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators; Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-60.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820391
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33275949?tool=bestpractice.com
Uma variabilidade regional significativa na prevalência de catarata foi relatada no estudo Global Burden of Disease, com a maior taxa padronizada por idade relatada no Sul da Ásia.[6]GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators; Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-60.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820391
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33275949?tool=bestpractice.com
A prevalência de cegueira padronizada por idade (pessoas com idade ≥50 anos) foi maior em mulheres com catarata do que em homens com catarata.[6]GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators; Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-60.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820391
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33275949?tool=bestpractice.com
O impacto socioeconômico da catarata é particularmente importante nos países em desenvolvimento, com a cegueira tendo um impacto significativo sobre a força de trabalho.[8]Lane M, Lane V, Abbott J, et al. Multiple deprivation, vision loss, and ophthalmic disease in adults: global perspectives. Surv Ophthalmol. 2018 May-Jun;63(3):406-36.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29100897?tool=bestpractice.com
Embora a cirurgia de catarata seja uma das intervenções de saúde mais custo-efetivas disponíveis, o acesso é limitado em alguns países em desenvolvimento e regiões rurais.[6]GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators; Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Causes of blindness and vision impairment in 2020 and trends over 30 years, and prevalence of avoidable blindness in relation to VISION 2020: the Right to Sight: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Feb;9(2):e144-60.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820391
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33275949?tool=bestpractice.com
Embora a catarata possa ser congênita (uma das principais causas de deficiência visual entre crianças em países de baixa renda) ou decorrente de traumas, medicamentos ou condições metabólicas, a catarata relacionada à idade é a mais comum e, portanto, tem o maior impacto, principalmente no contexto do envelhecimento populacional global.[7]World Health Organization. Blindness and vision impairment. Aug 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment