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Última revisão: 16 Mar 2025
Última atualização: 11 Oct 2024

Resumo

Definição

História e exame físico

Principais fatores diagnósticos

  • idade avançada
  • fadiga
  • intolerância ao exercício
  • palidez
  • hematomas ou sangramentos
  • quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia prévias
  • doença congênita
  • infecções bacterianas

Outros fatores diagnósticos

  • presença de fatores de risco
  • doenças autoimunes
  • esplenomegalia
  • hepatomegalia
  • linfadenopatia

Fatores de risco

  • idade >70 anos
  • quimioterapia prévia
  • radioterapia anterior
  • transplante autólogo de células-tronco hematopoiéticas prévio
  • doenças congênitas
  • tabagismo
  • benzeno
  • anemia aplásica
  • hemoglobinúria paroxística noturna (HPN)

Investigações diagnósticas

Primeiras investigações a serem solicitadas

  • Hemograma completo com diferencial
  • esfregaço de sangue periférico
  • contagem de reticulócitos
  • folato eritrocitário
  • vitamina B12 sérica
  • perfil de ferro
  • aspiração da medula óssea com coloração para ferro
  • punção por agulha grossa (core biopsy) da medula óssea
  • teste genético

Investigações a serem consideradas

  • sorologia viral
  • eritropoetina sérica
  • lactato desidrogenase
  • tipagem HLA (antígeno leucocitário humano)
  • citometria de fluxo

Algoritmo de tratamento

Colaboradores

Autores

Vijaya Raj Bhatt, MBBS, MS

​Associate Professor

Section Leader, Malignant Hematology

University of Nebraska Medical Center Division of Hematology-Oncology

Nebraska

NE

Declarações

VRB has participated in a Safety Monitoring Committee for Protagonist Therapeutics and served as an Associate Editor for the journal Current Problems in Cancer. He has received consulting fees from Taiho, Sanofi, Imugene, Genentech, Incyte, Servier Pharmaceuticals, and AbbVie; research funding (institutional) from MEI Pharma, Actinium Pharmaceutical, Sanofi, AbbVie, Pfizer, Incyte, Jazz, and NMDP; and drug support (institutional) from Chimerix for a trial.

Prajwal Dhakal, MBBS

​Clinical Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine-Hematology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplantation

University of Iowa

Iowa City

IA

Declarações

PPD has been reimbursed by the Aplastic Anemia and MDS International Foundation for presenting on the topic 'High-risk MDS: non-transplant therapies, current therapies, and clinical trials' in a patient and family conference. PD has received consulting fees from AbbVie pharmaceuticals.

Agradecimentos

Dr Vijaya Raj Bhatt and Dr Prajwal Dhakal would like to gratefully acknowledge Professor Apar Kishor Ganti and Associate Professor Alissa Marr, previous contributors to this topic.

Declarações

AKG has received research support from Amgen, Apexigen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck, New Link Genetics, Pfizer, and Takeda Oncology. AKG has been reimbursed for consulting work for AbbVie and Genentech. None of the grants or payments relate to work involving myelodysplastic syndrome. AM declares that she has no competing interests.

Revisores

David P. Steensma, MD, FACP

Associate Professor of Medicine (Hematology) and Oncology

Division of Hematology

Department of Medicine

Mayo Clinic

Rochester

MN

Declarações

DPS declares that he has no competing interests.

Adrian C. Newland, BA, MB, BCh, MA, FRCP, FRCPath

Professor of Haematology

Queen Mary University

London

UK

Declarações

ACN declares that he has no competing interests.

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