A ingestão de líquidos deve ser de, pelo menos, 2.5-3 litros por dia para os adultos, e 1-2 litros por dia para crianças e jovens (dependendo da idade) para evitar a formação de cálculos.[15]Agarwal MM, Singh SK, Mavuduru R, et al. Preventive fluid and dietary therapy for urolithiasis: an appraisal of strength, controversies and lacunae of current literature. Indian J Urol. 2011 Jul;27(3):310-9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193729
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22022052?tool=bestpractice.com
[16]Borghi L, Meschi T, Schianchi T, et al. Urine volume: stone risk factor and preventive measure. Nephron. 1999;8(suppl 1):31-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9873212?tool=bestpractice.com
[17]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Renal and ureteric stones: assessment and management. Jan 2019 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng118
Nos pacientes que costumam formar cálculos, recomenda-se uma meta de débito urinário de 2.0-2.5 litros por dia; o volume de ingestão pode precisar ser ainda mais alto (até 4 litros por dia).[18]Pearle MS, Goldfarb DS, Assimos DG, et al. Medical management of kidney stones: AUA guideline. J Urol. 2014 Aug;192(2):316-24.
https://www.auajournals.org/doi/10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.006
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24857648?tool=bestpractice.com
[19]Cheungpasitporn W, Rossetti S, Friend K, et al. Treatment effect, adherence, and safety of high fluid intake for the prevention of incident and recurrent kidney stones: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nephrol. 2016 Apr;29(2):211-9.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831051
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26022722?tool=bestpractice.com
[20]Bao Y, Tu X, Wei Q. Water for preventing urinary stones. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Feb 11;2:CD004292.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7012319
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32045491?tool=bestpractice.com
Os pacientes com nefrolitíase também devem ser orientados a seguirem uma dieta com poucas proteínas e baixo teor de sódio para evitar a nefrolitíase.[16]Borghi L, Meschi T, Schianchi T, et al. Urine volume: stone risk factor and preventive measure. Nephron. 1999;8(suppl 1):31-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9873212?tool=bestpractice.com
[49]Wang Z, Zhang Y, Wei W. Effect of dietary treatment and fluid intake on the prevention of recurrent calcium stones and changes in urine composition: a meta-analysis and systematic review. PLoS One. 2021;16(4):e0250257.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8055022
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33872340?tool=bestpractice.com