Dados sugerem que a vacina contra papilomavírus humano (HPV) é útil em prevenir a infecção pelo HPV. A vacina quadrivalente contra o HPV reduz a taxa de neoplasia intraepitelial anal (NIA) em homens que fazem sexo com homens e pode, portanto, ajudar a reduzir o risco de câncer anal nessa população.[19]Palefsky JM, Giuliano AR, Goldstone S, et al. HPV vaccine against anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1576-85.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1010971#t=article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22029979?tool=bestpractice.com
A vacina nonavalente contra HPV está aprovada nos EUA para pessoas de 9-45 anos. A vacinação de rotina de crianças aos 11 ou 12 anos é recomendada, mas a vacinação precoce a partir dos 9 anos é recomendada em alguns grupos de pacientes. A vacinação de recuperação é recomendada para as pessoas não vacinadas com idade ≤26 anos, e pode ser considerada após uma tomada de decisão compartilhada para aquelas com idade entre 27 e 45 anos.[27]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human papillomavirus (HPV). [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/index.html
[28]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Human papillomavirus disease. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/human?view=full
[29]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger - United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/child-adolescent-age.html
[30]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 19 years or older - United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/adult-age.html
A vacinação não é recomendada durante a gestação.[28]National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: Human papillomavirus disease. 2024 [internet publication].
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/hiv-clinical-guidelines-adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infections/human?view=full
Detalhes adicionais sobre os calendários de vacinação atuais e populações especiais de pacientes podem ser encontrados nos calendários de vacinação mais recentes do ACIP para crianças e adultos.[29]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child and adolescent immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger - United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/child-adolescent-age.html
[30]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 19 years or older - United States, 2025. Nov 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/adult-age.html