Os defeitos do septo ventricular (DSV) estão entre os defeitos cardíacos congênitos mais comuns em bebês e crianças, e um DSV isolado é observado em aproximadamente 3 bebês por 1000 nascidos vivos.[7]Liu Y, Chen S, Zühlke L, et al. Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Apr 1;48(2):455-63.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469300
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30783674?tool=bestpractice.com
A maioria deles se fecha espontaneamente na infância.[8]Garne E. Atrial and ventricular septal defects - epidemiology and spontaneous closure. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006 May;19(5):271-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16753766?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Li X, Song GX, Wu LJ, et al. Prediction of spontaneous closure of isolated ventricular septal defects in utero and postnatal life. BMC Pediatr. 2016 Dec 8;16(1):207.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5146819
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27931195?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Li X, Ren W, Song G, et al. Prediction of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect and guidance for clinical follow-up. Clin Cardiol. 2019 May;42(5):536-41.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6522996
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30851056?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Baumgartner H, De Backer J, Babu-Narayan SV, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2021 Feb 11;42(6):563-645.
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/6/563/5898606
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860028?tool=bestpractice.com
O DSV pode acompanhar outros defeitos congênitos.
Os defeitos do tipo 4 (musculares) são os DSVs mais comuns, juntamente com os do tipo 2 (perimembranosos).[12]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Congenital heart defects (CHDs): about ventricular septal defect. May 2024 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/ventricular-septal-defect.html
[13]Reller MD, Strickland MJ, Riehle-Colarusso, et al. Prevalence of congenital heart defects in metropolitan Atlanta, 1998-2005. J Paediatr. 2008 Dec;153(6):807-13.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657826?tool=bestpractice.com
A síndrome de Down está comumente associada a defeitos do septo atrioventricular, que são observados em cerca de um terço à metade dos pacientes.[14]Freeman SB, Taft LF, Dooley KJ, et al. Population-based study of congenital heart defects in Down syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Nov 16;80(3):213-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9843040?tool=bestpractice.com
[15]Freeman SB, Bean LH, Allen EG, et al. Ethnicity, sex, and the incidence of congenital heart defects: a report from the National Down Syndrome Project. Genet Med. 2008 Mar;10(3):173-80.
https://www.gimjournal.org/article/S1098-3600(21)02177-8/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344706?tool=bestpractice.com
Eles podem ser do septo atrial, do septo ventricular, ou de ambos.[16]Tubman RJ, Shields MD, Craig BG, et al. Congenital heart disease in Down's syndrome: two year prospective early screening study. BMJ. 1991 Jun 15;302(6790):1425-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1829969?tool=bestpractice.com
De modo geral, acredita-se que os defeitos do septo atrioventricular estejam presentes em aproximadamente 0.29 a 0.54 por 1000 nascidos vivos.[7]Liu Y, Chen S, Zühlke L, et al. Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Apr 1;48(2):455-63.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6469300
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30783674?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Reller MD, Strickland MJ, Riehle-Colarusso, et al. Prevalence of congenital heart defects in metropolitan Atlanta, 1998-2005. J Paediatr. 2008 Dec;153(6):807-13.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657826?tool=bestpractice.com
[17]Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001209
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38264914?tool=bestpractice.com
Os DSVs adquiridos, decorrentes de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) ou trauma, são raros.