As fobias estão entre os transtornos psiquiátricos mais comuns e tratáveis.[3]Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17335637?tool=bestpractice.com
Nos EUA, a prevalência ao longo da vida é entre 9% e 13%, e a prevalência em 12 meses é entre 7% e 9%, fazendo das fobias o transtorno de ansiedade mais comum.[3]Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17335637?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):593-602.
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/208678
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939837?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, et al. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):617-27.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847357
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939839?tool=bestpractice.com
Taxas de prevalência de 5% a 8% são relatadas em crianças, e 16% em adolescentes.[6]Kim SJ, Kim BN, Cho SC, et al. The prevalence of specific phobia and associated co-morbid features in children and adolescents. J Anxiety Disord. 2010 Aug;24(6):629-34.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20439148?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Ollendick TH, King NJ, Muris P. Fears and phobias in children: phenomenology, epidemiology and aetiology. Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2002;7(3):98-106.[8]Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, et al. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012 Sep;21(3):169-84.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005415
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22865617?tool=bestpractice.com
As taxas são menores entre os idosos, variando de 2% a 5%.[8]Kessler RC, Petukhova M, Sampson NA, et al. Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res. 2012 Sep;21(3):169-84.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005415
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22865617?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Greiner S, Schuurmans J, Goldfarb M, et al. The epidemiology of specific phobia and subthreshold fear subtypes in a community-based sample of older adults. Depress Anxiety. 2011 Jun;28(6):456-63.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21400642?tool=bestpractice.com
No Reino Unido, a prevalência total para homens e mulheres é de 18 por 1000.[10]Collaborating Centre for Mental Health World Health Organisation. WHO Guide to Mental and Neurological Health in Primary Care. Prevalence of mental disorders in men and women. 2nd edition. London:Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd;2004.
As mulheres têm 2 a 3 vezes mais chances de desenvolver fobias que os homens.[3]Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17335637?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;62(6):593-602.
http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/208678
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939837?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Wardenaar KJ, Lim CCW, Al-Hamzawi AO, et al. The cross-national epidemiology of specific phobia in the World Mental Health Surveys. Psychol Med. 2017 Jul;47(10):1744-60.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5674525
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28222820?tool=bestpractice.com
As chances de desenvolver fobias são significativamente menores entre hispânicos e asiáticos e maiores entre pessoas brancas.[3]Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17335637?tool=bestpractice.com
Fobias específicas da cultura são possíveis entre pessoas de diferentes raças e etnias.[12]Arrindell WA, Eisemann M, Richter J, et al. Phobic anxiety in 11 nations. Part 1: dimensional constancy of the five-factor model. Behav Res Ther. 2003 Apr;41(4):461-79.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12643968?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Pull CB. Recent trends in the study of specific phobias. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;21(1):43-50.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18281840?tool=bestpractice.com
Descobriu-se que o medo de animais é mais prevalente no Japão e em Hong Kong.[14]Davey GC, McDonald AS, Hirisave U, et al. A cross-cultural study of animal fears. Behav Res Ther. 1998 Jul-Aug;36(7-8):735-50.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9682528?tool=bestpractice.com
Cerca de 70% dos pacientes com fobia específica relatam mais de um medo clinicamente relevante.[3]Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17335637?tool=bestpractice.com
Animais e altura tendem a ser os estímulos mais comuns, seguidos por voos de avião, espaços fechados e sangue-injeção-ferimentos.[3]Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, et al. The epidemiology of DSM-IV specific phobia in the USA: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2007 Jul;37(7):1047-59.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17335637?tool=bestpractice.com