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Última revisión: 16 Mar 2025
Última actualización: 10 Sep 2024

Resumen

Definición

Anamnesis y examen

Principales factores de diagnóstico

  • presencia de factores de riesgo
  • edad <50 años
  • tos persistente
  • tos seca
  • duración prolongada de síntomas

Otros factores de diagnóstico

  • exposición reciente en la comunidad
  • afectación de la garganta
  • fiebre
  • cefalea
  • diarrea
  • miringitis ampollar
  • estertores/crepitaciones pulmonares
  • erupción

Factores de riesgo

  • entornos comunitarios cerrados
  • inmunosupresión
  • tabaquismo
  • enfermedad pulmonar crónica
  • viajes
  • sexo masculino
  • fármacos inmunomoduladores

Pruebas diagnósticas

Primeras pruebas diagnósticas para solicitar

  • saturación de oxígeno en aire
  • recuento de leucocitos
  • hemoglobina
  • Pruebas de función hepática (PFH)
  • nivel de urea sérica
  • reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de transcripción inversa en tiempo real (RT-PCR) para SARS-CoV-2
  • radiografía de tórax

Pruebas diagnósticas que deben considerarse

  • antígeno de Legionella en orina
  • cultivo de esputo
  • diagnóstico molecular de Mycoplasma pneumoniae o de Chlamydophila pneumoniae
  • PCR nasofaríngea

Algoritmo de tratamiento

Colaboradores

Autores

Lorenzo Di Francesco, MD, SFHM, FACP
Lorenzo Di Francesco

Professor of Medicine

Department of Medicine

Division of General Internal Medicine

Emory University School of Medicine

GA

Divulgaciones

LDF is a Gen Medicine/Point of Care Editorial Board Member for ClinicalKey.

Revisores por pares

Mark Woodhead, BSc, DM, FRCP

Honorary Senior Lecturer (University of Manchester)

Consultant in General & Respiratory Medicine

Department of Respiratory Medicine

Manchester Royal Infirmary

Manchester

UK

Divulgaciones

MW is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Ethan Rubinstein, MD

H.E. Sellers Research Chair in Infectious Diseases

Head

Section of Adult Infectious Diseases

Department of Internal Medicine

Department of Medical Microbiology

University of Manitoba

Winnipeg

Canada

Divulgaciones

At the time of the peer review, Professor Rubinstein declared no competing interests. We were made aware that Professor Rubinstein is now deceased.

George L. Anesi, MD, MSCE, MBE

Assistant Professor

Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care

Perelman School of Medicine

University of Pennsylvania

PA

Divulgaciones

GLA receives research funding from the National Institutes of Health (K23HL161353), the CDC Foundation, the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Thomas B. McCabe and Jeannette E. Laws McCabe Fund. GLA reports payments for authoring chapters for UpToDate and for expert witness consulting, including involving COVID-19, and reports that his spouse is employed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

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