O câncer de bexiga é o 10o câncer mais comumente diagnosticado no mundo.[14]Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.21660
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33538338?tool=bestpractice.com
A taxa de incidência padronizada por idade é maior nos homens que nas mulheres (9.5 por 100,000 e 2.4 por 100,000, respectivamente).[14]Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021 May;71(3):209-49.
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.21660
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33538338?tool=bestpractice.com
O risco de câncer de bexiga ao longo da vida é relatado em 1.1% nos homens e 0.27% nas mulheres.[15]Richters A, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LALM. The global burden of urinary bladder cancer: an update. World J Urol. 2020 Aug;38(8):1895-904.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00345-019-02984-4
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31676912?tool=bestpractice.com
As mulheres são normalmente diagnosticadas com doença mais avançada e apresentam maior mortalidade específica pela doença.[11]Jubber I, Ong S, Bukavina L, et al. Epidemiology of bladder cancer in 2023: a systematic review of risk factors. Eur Urol. 2023 Aug;84(2):176-90.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0302283823027070?via%3Dihub
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37198015?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Cohn JA, Vekhter B, Lyttle C, et al. Sex disparities in diagnosis of bladder cancer after initial presentation with hematuria: a nationwide claims-based investigation. Cancer. 2014 Feb 15;120(4):555-61.
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.28416
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24496869?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Mancini M, Righetto M, Baggio G. Spotlight on gender-specific disparities in bladder cancer. Urologia. 2020 Aug;87(3):103-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31868559?tool=bestpractice.com
[16]Cumberbatch MGK, Noon AP. Epidemiology, aetiology and screening of bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol. 2019 Feb;8(1):5-11.
https://tau.amegroups.com/article/view/21474/22804
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30976562?tool=bestpractice.com
O risco de câncer de bexiga aumenta com a idade e afeta principalmente pessoas ≥65 anos.[16]Cumberbatch MGK, Noon AP. Epidemiology, aetiology and screening of bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol. 2019 Feb;8(1):5-11.
https://tau.amegroups.com/article/view/21474/22804
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30976562?tool=bestpractice.com
[17]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: bladder cancer. 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html
Nos EUA, mais de 90% dos pacientes têm mais de 55 anos; a idade mediana no momento do diagnóstico é 73 anos.[17]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: bladder cancer. 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html
Nos EUA, o câncer de bexiga é o sexto câncer mais comum em geral, e o quarto câncer mais comum em homens.[17]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: bladder cancer. 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html
[18]Siegel RL, Miller KD, Wagle NS, et al. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. 2023 Jan;73(1):17-48.
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3322/caac.21763
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36633525?tool=bestpractice.com
Estima-se que 83,190 pessoas serão diagnosticadas com câncer de bexiga nos EUA em 2024.[17]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: bladder cancer. 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html
Estima-se que a incidência de câncer de bexiga seja de 31.6 por 100,000 pessoas para homens e 7.8 por 100,000 pessoas para mulheres (com base em dados de 2017-2021; todas as raças).[17]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: bladder cancer. 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html
Os indivíduos brancos não hispânicos têm a taxa de incidência mais alta; no entanto, os indivíduos negros têm uma taxa de sobrevida muito mais baixa que outros grupos raciais.[19]Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Jan;70(1):7-30.
https://acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.3322/caac.21590
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31912902?tool=bestpractice.com
[20]Wang Y, Chang Q, Li Y. Racial differences in urinary bladder cancer in the United States. Sci Rep. 2018 Aug 21;8(1):12521.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-29987-2
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30131523?tool=bestpractice.com
O acesso a assistência, o atraso no diagnóstico e na terapia, a escolha das opções de tratamento, fatores do hospedeiro e diferenças no subestadiamento do tumor podem desempenhar um papel.[21]Scosyrev E, Noyes K, Feng C, et al. Sex and racial differences in bladder cancer presentation and mortality in the US. Cancer. 2009 Jan 1;115(1):68-74.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.23986/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19072984?tool=bestpractice.com
[22]Washington SL 3rd, Gregorich SE, Meng MV, et al. Race modifies survival benefit of guideline-based treatment: Implications for reducing disparities in muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cancer Med. 2020 Nov;9(22):8310-8317.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cam4.3429
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32869516?tool=bestpractice.com
Acredita-se que as diferenças na exposição a fatores de risco, como a prevalência de tabagismo, a exposição ocupacional a carcinógenos e a infecção com Schistosoma haematobium sejam responsáveis pela variabilidade observada na incidência e nos tipos histológicos.[15]Richters A, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LALM. The global burden of urinary bladder cancer: an update. World J Urol. 2020 Aug;38(8):1895-904.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00345-019-02984-4
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31676912?tool=bestpractice.com
[23]Antoni S, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, et al. Bladder cancer incidence and mortality: a global overview and recent trends. Eur Urol. 2017 Jan;71(1):96-108.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27370177?tool=bestpractice.com