A DMD é a distrofia muscular mais comum. A incidência da DMD é estimada em cerca de 1 em 5.000 nascidos vivos do sexo masculino.[8]Ellis JA, Vroom E, Muntoni F. 195th ENMC International Workshop: newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy 14-16th December, 2012, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord. 2013 Aug;23(8):682-9.
https://www.nmd-journal.com/article/S0960-8966(13)00152-1/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23791627?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Ryder S, Leadley RM, Armstrong N, et al. The burden, epidemiology, costs and treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an evidence review. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2017 Apr 26;12(1):79.
https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-017-0631-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28446219?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Birnkrant DJ, Bushby K, Bann CM, et al; DMD Care Considerations Working Group. Diagnosis and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, part 1: diagnosis, and neuromuscular, rehabilitation, endocrine, and gastrointestinal and nutritional management. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Mar;17(3):251-67.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5869704
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29395989?tool=bestpractice.com
Um estudo relatou uma prevalência pontual de 1,9 por 100.000 homens nos EUA, com valores para o Reino Unido, Canadá e França de 2,2, 6,1 e 10,9 por 100.000 homens, respectivamente.[9]Ryder S, Leadley RM, Armstrong N, et al. The burden, epidemiology, costs and treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: an evidence review. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2017 Apr 26;12(1):79.
https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13023-017-0631-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28446219?tool=bestpractice.com
Relatou-se que a incidência está diminuindo nos países industrializados devido a avanços médicos e ao planejamento familiar.[8]Ellis JA, Vroom E, Muntoni F. 195th ENMC International Workshop: newborn screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy 14-16th December, 2012, Naarden, The Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord. 2013 Aug;23(8):682-9.
https://www.nmd-journal.com/article/S0960-8966(13)00152-1/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23791627?tool=bestpractice.com
A doença relacionada distrofia muscular de Becker (DMB) tem uma prevalência relatada de menos de 8 por 100.000 homens.[11]Duan D, Goemans N, Takeda S, et al. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Feb 18;7(1):13.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-021-00248-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33602943?tool=bestpractice.com
Meninas ou mulheres com DMD ou DMB são muito raras; algumas mulheres portadoras do gene afetado podem apresentar sintomas leves.[11]Duan D, Goemans N, Takeda S, et al. Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Feb 18;7(1):13.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41572-021-00248-3
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33602943?tool=bestpractice.com
As outras distrofias musculares menos comuns incluem a distrofia miotônica, um distúrbio autossômico dominante que tem uma prevalência relatada entre 1 em 3.000 e 1 em 8.000 pessoas.[12]Ashizawa T, Gagnon C, Groh WJ, et al. Consensus-based care recommendations for adults with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Neurol Clin Pract. 2018 Dec;8(6):507-20.
https://cp.neurology.org/content/8/6/507
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30588381?tool=bestpractice.com
A distrofia muscular fáscio-escápulo-umeral tem uma prevalência relatada entre 1 em 15.000 e 1 em 20.000 pessoas.[13]Tawil R, Kissel JT, Heatwole C, et al. Evidence-based guideline summary: evaluation, diagnosis, and management of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy: report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Issues Review Panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Neurology. 2015 Jul 28;85(4):357-64.
https://n.neurology.org/content/85/4/357
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26215877?tool=bestpractice.com
As distrofias musculares de cinturas escapular e pélvica são raras, com uma prevalência mínima combinada estimada de 2,38 por 100.000 pessoas, e podem ter herança autossômica dominante, autossômica recessiva ou esporádica.[14]Narayanaswami P, Weiss M, Selcen D, et al. Evidence-based guideline summary: diagnosis and treatment of limb-girdle and distal dystrophies: report of the guideline development subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the practice issues review panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Neurology. 2014 Oct 14;83(16):1453-63.
https://n.neurology.org/content/83/16/1453
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313375?tool=bestpractice.com
As distrofias musculares congênitas, um grupo heterogêneo de distrofias musculares raras que habitualmente têm transmissão autossômica recessiva, têm uma prevalência estimada em cerca de 1 em 100.000 pessoas nas populações europeias.[15]Kang PB, Morrison L, Iannaccone ST, et al. Evidence-based guideline summary: evaluation, diagnosis, and management of congenital muscular dystrophy: report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Issues Review Panel of the American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine. Neurology. 2015 Mar 31;84(13):1369-78.
https://n.neurology.org/content/84/13/1369
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25825463?tool=bestpractice.com
A atrofia muscular espinhal (AME) tem uma incidência estimada de aproximadamente 1 em 11.000 nascidos vivos. Há evidências de melhora da sobrevida e nos desfechos nos últimos anos.[3]Mercuri E, Finkel RS, Muntoni F, et al; SMA Care Group. Diagnosis and management of spinal muscular atrophy: part 1: recommendations for diagnosis, rehabilitation, orthopedic and nutritional care. Neuromuscul Disord. 2018 Feb;28(2):103-15.
https://www.nmd-journal.com/article/S0960-8966(17)31284-1/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29290580?tool=bestpractice.com
A AME é uma doença autossômica recessiva; aproximadamente 2% dos casos são devidos a uma mutação genética nova.[16]American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Genetics. Committee Opinion No. 691: carrier screening for genetic conditions. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Mar;129(3):e41-55.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28225426?tool=bestpractice.com