Erliquiose e anaplasmose
- Visão geral
- Teoria
- Diagnóstico
- Tratamento
- ACOMPANHAMENTO
- Recursos
História e exame físico
Principais fatores diagnósticos
comuns
presença de fatores de risco
Os fatores de risco incluem picada ou exposição a carrapatos, sexo masculino e imunossupressão. A infecção tende a ser mais grave em pacientes com mais de 60 anos de idade.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com
febre
É um dos sintomas constitucionais mais comuns, e geralmente apresenta um início abrupto.
Pode ou não estar associada aos calafrios.
Dura de 10 a 14 dias sem tratamento com antibióticos.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [99]Eng TR, Harkess JR, Fishbein DB, et al. Epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory findings of human ehrlichiosis in the United States, 1988. JAMA. 1990 Nov 7;264(17):2251-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2214103?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com
Está presente em 99% dos casos de erliquiose monocitotrópica/monocítica humana (EMH) e 93% dos casos de anaplasmose granulocitotrópica/granulocítica humana (AGH). Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
cefaleia
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais comuns, podendo ser grave.
Está presente em 64% dos casos de EMH e 76% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
mal-estar
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais comuns.
Persiste por meses após a doença aguda.
Está presente em 53% dos casos de EMH e 94% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
mialgia
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais comuns.
Está presente em 53% dos casos de EMH e 77% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
artralgia
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais comuns.
Está presente em 43% dos casos de EMH e 46% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
náuseas
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais comuns.
Está presente em 48% dos casos de EMH e 38% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
Incomuns
pequena lesão eritematosa com ou sem centro necrótico
Ao exame cutâneo, pode-se observar uma pequena lesão eritematosa redonda com ou sem um pequeno centro escuro necrótico (escara; picada do carrapato).
[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Picada de carrapato em estágio avançado com necrose central (área escura ao redor da picada do carrapato) envolta de uma área acentuadamente eritematosaCortesia de Lucas Blanton, MD [Citation ends].
rash inespecífico
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais frequentes em adultos, mas mais comum em crianças.
Pode ser macular, maculopapular ou petequial, e ocorre em qualquer local do corpo.[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: Rash macular eritematoso envolvendo o membro inferior em um caso pediátrico de erliquiose monocitotrópica/monocítica humanaCortesia de Edwin Masters, MD [Citation ends].
Está presente em 28% (adultos) e 67% (crianças) dos casos de EMH e 6% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
Outros fatores diagnósticos
Incomuns
vômitos
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais infrequentes.
Está presente em 36% dos casos de EMH e 26% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
diarreia
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais infrequentes.
Está presente em 21% dos casos de EMH e 16% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
dor abdominal
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais infrequentes.
Está presente em 18% dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
tosse
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais infrequentes.
Está presente em 23% dos casos de EMH e 19% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
dispneia
Um dos sintomas constitucionais mais infrequentes.
Está presente em 16.5% dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
rigidez de nuca
Um dos sintomas neurológicos mais infrequentes.
Está presente em 21% dos casos de AGH. Não foi reportada na EMH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
confusão
Um dos sintomas neurológicos mais infrequentes.
Está presente em 22.4% dos casos de EMH e 17% dos casos de AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
fotofobia
Um dos sintomas neurológicos mais infrequentes.
Está presente em 17% dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
estupor
As complicações no sistema nervoso central são mais comuns na erliquiose monocitotrópica/monocítica humana (EMH).
Presente em 4% dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
coma
As complicações no sistema nervoso central são mais comuns na erliquiose monocitotrópica/monocítica humana (EMH).
Presente em 4% dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
convulsões
As complicações no sistema nervoso central são mais comuns na erliquiose monocitotrópica/monocítica humana (EMH).
Presente em 4% dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
linfadenopatia
Raramente observada no exame físico.
Está presente em 27% dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
icterícia
Raramente observada no exame físico.
Está presente em 15% dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
hepatomegalia
Raramente observada no exame físico.
É mais comum em crianças.
Está presente em 9% (adultos) e 25% (crianças) dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
esplenomegalia
Raramente observada no exame físico.
Está presente em 9% (adultos) e 25% (crianças) dos casos de EMH. Não foi reportada na AGH. Ocorrência desconhecida na erliquiose ewingii humana.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com [66]Weil AA, Baron EL, Brown CM, et al. Clinical findings and diagnosis in human granulocytic anaplasmosis: a case series from Massachusetts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012 Mar;87(3):233-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386178?tool=bestpractice.com [69]Dumler JS, Madigan JE, Pusterla N, et al. Ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jul 15;45 Suppl 1:S45-51. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17582569?tool=bestpractice.com [70]Bakken JS, Dumler JS. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Aug;31(2):554-60. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10987720?tool=bestpractice.com [72]Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, Horowitz HW, Wormser GP, et al. Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: a case series from a medical center in New York State. Ann Intern Med. 1996 Dec 1;125(11):904-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8967671?tool=bestpractice.com [80]Everett ED, Evans KA, Henry RB, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in adults after tick exposure: diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction. Ann Intern Med. 1994 May 1;120(9):730-5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8147545?tool=bestpractice.com [100]Olano JP, Hogrefe W, Seaton B, et al. Clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis in a commercial laboratory setting. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2003 Sep;10(5):891-6. https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/CDLI.10.5.891-896.2003 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12965923?tool=bestpractice.com [101]Olano JP. Human ehrlichioses. In: Raoult D, Parola, P, ed. Rickettsial diseases. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA; 2007:213-222.
infecções secundárias
Pode-se observar candidíase, citomegalovírus e aspergilose em casos graves de EMH e de AGH.
Fatores de risco
Fortes
exposição/picada de carrapato
A erliquiose apresenta uma distribuição sazonal que coincide com uma maior atividade dos carrapatos nos meses mais quentes (nos EUA, por exemplo, de abril a setembro), quando as pessoas tendem a passar mais tempo fora de casa.
Podem-se observar infecções em outros meses, embora com menos frequência. Os casos fora desse período ocorrem em latitudes mais baixas com invernos leves.
A erliquiose monocitotrópica/monocítica humana (EMH) ocorre sobretudo nos estados do centro-sul e do sudeste, embora haja relatos de casos em quase todos os estados.[21]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tickborne diseases of the United States: a reference manual for health care providers. 6th ed. Atlanta (GA): U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2022. A anaplasmose granulocitotrópica/granulocítica humana (AGH) ocorre sobretudo nos estados do nordeste, meio oeste setentrional e na costa do Pacífico a noroeste nos EUA.[21]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tickborne diseases of the United States: a reference manual for health care providers. 6th ed. Atlanta (GA): U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2022.
O carrapato precisa ficar preso à pele por 24 a 48 horas para que ocorra a doença. O tempo de incubação é de 1 a 2 semanas após a picada do carrapato. A picada do carrapato nem sempre resulta em doença.
Embora seja um forte fator de risco, a ausência de história de picada de carrapato não pode descartar o diagnóstico em pacientes com sinais, sintomas e resultados de investigação consistentes com doença causada por carrapato.
imunossupressão
Associada a doença mais grave na EMH e na AGH.[57]Thomas LD, Hongo I, Bloch KC, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2007 Jun;7(6):1641-7. https://www.amjtransplant.org/article/S1600-6135(22)02776-9/fulltext#secsect0065 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17511689?tool=bestpractice.com A maioria dos casos de erliquiose ewingii humana ocorre em pacientes imunossuprimidos.[4]Buller RS, Arens M, Hmiel SP, et al. Ehrlichia ewingii, a newly recognized agent of human ehrlichiosis. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 15;341(3):148-55. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199907153410303#t=article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10403852?tool=bestpractice.com [58]Paddock CD, Folk SM, Shore GM, et al. Infections with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Nov 1;33(9):1586-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11568857?tool=bestpractice.com [59]Safdar N, Love RB, Maki DG. Severe Ehrlichia chaffeensis infection in a lung transplant recipient: a review of ehrlichiosis in the immunocompromised patient. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:320-323. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/3/01-0249_article.htm
Em pacientes com vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV)/síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS), 70% dos casos de EMH ocorreram em pacientes com contagem de CD4+ <200 células/microlitro, e as infecções tendem a ser mais graves com um risco mais frequente de complicações.[57]Thomas LD, Hongo I, Bloch KC, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2007 Jun;7(6):1641-7. https://www.amjtransplant.org/article/S1600-6135(22)02776-9/fulltext#secsect0065 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17511689?tool=bestpractice.com Foi relatado que as sulfonamidas utilizadas nesses pacientes agravam a infecção.[60]Peters TR, Edwards KM, Standaert SM. Severe ehrlichiosis in an adolescent taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000 Feb;19(2):170-2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10694012?tool=bestpractice.com
As taxas de letalidade gerais para pacientes imunossuprimidos com qualquer tipo da doença são de cerca de 25%. Todos os casos fatais relatados em HIV/AIDS se devem à EMH.[4]Buller RS, Arens M, Hmiel SP, et al. Ehrlichia ewingii, a newly recognized agent of human ehrlichiosis. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jul 15;341(3):148-55. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199907153410303#t=article http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10403852?tool=bestpractice.com [57]Thomas LD, Hongo I, Bloch KC, et al. Human ehrlichiosis in transplant recipients. Am J Transplant. 2007 Jun;7(6):1641-7. https://www.amjtransplant.org/article/S1600-6135(22)02776-9/fulltext#secsect0065 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17511689?tool=bestpractice.com [58]Paddock CD, Folk SM, Shore GM, et al. Infections with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis. 2001 Nov 1;33(9):1586-94. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11568857?tool=bestpractice.com
idade superior a 60 anos
A infecção tende a ser mais grave em pacientes com mais de 60 anos.[16]Olano JP, Masters E, Hogrefe W, et al. Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, Missouri. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003 Dec;9(12):1579-86. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14720399?tool=bestpractice.com [61]Fishbein DB, Kemp A, Dawson JE, et al. Human ehrlichiosis: prospective active surveillance in febrile hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2809255?tool=bestpractice.com [62]Bakken JS, Krueth J, Wilson-Nordskog C, et al. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 1989 Nov;160(5):803-9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8604172?tool=bestpractice.com [63]Horowitz HW, Aguero-Rosenfeld ME, McKenna DF, et al. Clinical and laboratory spectrum of culture-proven human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: comparison with culture-negative cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:1314-1317. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9827289?tool=bestpractice.com
sexo masculino
É mais comum em homens, pois eles têm uma maior participação em atividades ao ar livre.
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