Os pacientes que tiverem material protético, seja valva ou enxerto, precisarão de profilaxia com antibióticos para procedimentos invasivos.[51]European Society of Cardiology. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of infective endocarditis: ESC clinical practice guidelines. 15 Nov 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Endocarditis-Guidelines
[52]Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Jul 11;70(2):252-89.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.011
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28315732?tool=bestpractice.com
O National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) do Reino Unido atualizou suas orientações em 2015, e alterou suas recomendações, deixando de ser contra e passando a apoiar o uso de profilaxia com antibióticos em indivíduos submetidos a procedimentos odontológicos e procedimentos que envolvem o trato gastrointestinal superior e inferior, o trato geniturinário e o trato respiratório.[53]National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Prophylaxis against infective endocarditis: antimicrobial prophylaxis against infective endocarditis in adults and children undergoing interventional procedures. July 2016 [internet publication].
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg64
Isso foi uma resposta ao aumento da incidência de endocardite infecciosa na Inglaterra, entre 2000 e 2013.[54]Dayer MJ, Jones S, Prendergast B, et al. Incidence of infective endocarditis in England, 2000-13: a secular trend, interrupted time-series analysis. Lancet. 2015 Mar 28;385(9974):1219-28.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25467569?tool=bestpractice.com
Pacientes com valvas mecânicas precisarão de terapia vitalícia com varfarina.[52]Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017 Jul 11;70(2):252-89.
https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.03.011
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28315732?tool=bestpractice.com
As crianças precisam ser submetidas a repetidas medições de refração para evitar ambliopia.