A leucemia linfoide aguda (LLA) é rara. Estima-se que 6550 novos casos de LLA e 1330 mortes associadas ocorrerão nos EUA em 2024.[9]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: leukemia - acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/alyl.html
A idade mediana ao diagnóstico é de 17 anos.[9]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: leukemia - acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/alyl.html
Mais da metade de todos os casos (53%) ocorrem em indivíduos com menos de 20 anos de idade.[9]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: leukemia - acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/alyl.html
O pico de incidência ocorre aos 1-4 anos (78 por 1 milhão [2017-2021]); a incidência diminui para 25 casos por 1 milhão aos 10-14 anos (2017-2021).[10]National Cancer Institute. SEER Explorer: All cancer sites combined. Recent trends in SEER age-adjusted incidence rates, 2000-2020. 2023 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=1&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=sex&chk_sex_3=3&chk_sex_2=2&rate_type=2&race=1&age_range=1&hdn_stage=101&advopt_precision=1&advopt_show_ci=on&hdn_view=0&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion0
A LLA é ligeiramente mais comum nos homens do que nas mulheres.[9]National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: leukemia - acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 2024 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/alyl.html
A incidência nos EUA é maior em indivíduos hispânicos (26 por 1 milhão [2017-2021]) e menor em indivíduos negros não hispânicos (10 por 1 milhão [2017-2021]).[10]National Cancer Institute. SEER Explorer: All cancer sites combined. Recent trends in SEER age-adjusted incidence rates, 2000-2020. 2023 [internet publication].
https://seer.cancer.gov/statistics-network/explorer/application.html?site=1&data_type=1&graph_type=2&compareBy=sex&chk_sex_3=3&chk_sex_2=2&rate_type=2&race=1&age_range=1&hdn_stage=101&advopt_precision=1&advopt_show_ci=on&hdn_view=0&advopt_show_apc=on&advopt_display=2#resultsRegion0
A LLA-B (proveniente de progenitores linfoides B) representa aproximadamente 75% dos casos, sendo o restante predominantemente LLA-T (proveniente de progenitores linfoides T).[4]Bene MC, Castoldi G, Knapp W, et al. Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukaemias. European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias (EGIL). Leukemia. 1995 Oct;9(10):1783-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7564526?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Terwilliger T, Abdul-Hay M. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update. Blood Cancer J. 2017 Jun 30;7(6):e577.
https://www.nature.com/articles/bcj201753
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28665419?tool=bestpractice.com
A LLA de fenótipo misto (células B e células T) pode ocorrer, mas é excepcionalmente rara.