Choque séptico é a forma mais comum de choque em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva.[5]De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, et al; SOAP II Investigators. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 4;362(9):779-89.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20200382?tool=bestpractice.com
Estima-se que a incidência anual de choque séptico em adultos seja de 0.3 a 0.7 por 1000.[6]Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, et al. Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(7):1303-10.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11445675?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Brun-Buisson C, Meshaka P, Pinton P, et al. EPISEPSIS: a reappraisal of the epidemiology and outcome of severe sepsis in French intensive care units. Intensive Care Med. 2004 Apr;30(4):580-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14997295?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Engel C, Brunkhorst FM, Bone HG, et al. Epidemiology of sepsis in Germany: results from a national prospective multicenter study. Intensive Care Med. 2007 Apr;33(4):606-18.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17323051?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND, et al. Sepsis incidence and outcome: contrasting the intensive care unit with the hospital ward. Crit Care Med. 2007 May;35(5):1284-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17414725?tool=bestpractice.com
O choque também complica o infarto do miocárdio em 7% a 9% dos pacientes (choque cardiogênico).[10]Goldberg RJ, Samad NA, Yarzebski J, et al. Temporal trends in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1999 Apr 15;340(15):1162-8.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199904153401504#t=article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10202167?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]Babaev A, Frederick PD, Pasta DJ, et al. Trends in management and outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. JAMA. 2005 Jul 27;294(4):448-54.
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/294/4/448
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16046651?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Steg PG, Goldberg RJ, Gore JM, et al. Baseline characteristics, management practices, and in-hospital outcomes of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes in the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE). Am J Cardiol. 2002 Aug 15;90(4):358-63.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12161222?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Koek HL, Kardaun JW, Gevers E, et al. Acute myocardial infarction incidence and hospital mortality: routinely collected national data versus linkage of national registers. Eur J Epidemiol. 2007;22(11):755-62.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2071965
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17828438?tool=bestpractice.com
[14]Roger VL, Jacobsen SJ, Weston SA, et al. Trends in the incidence and survival of patients with hospitalized myocardial infarction, Olmsted County, Minnesota, 1979 to 1994. Ann Intern Med. 2002 Mar 5;136(5):341-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11874305?tool=bestpractice.com
Nos EUA, o choque cardiogênico é responsável por 2% a 5% das apresentações de insuficiência cardíaca aguda, com prevalência em unidades de terapia intensiva de 14% a 16%.[15]Chioncel O, Parissis J, Mebazaa A, et al. Epidemiology, pathophysiology and contemporary management of cardiogenic shock - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020 Aug;22(8):1315-41.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejhf.1922
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32469155?tool=bestpractice.com
Nos EUA, cerca de 30,000 a 40,000 pacientes com choque cardiogênico são internados no hospital todos os anos; na Europa, 70,000 a 80,000 são internados a cada ano.[16]Thiele H, Ohman EM, Desch S, et al. Management of cardiogenic shock. Eur Heart J. 2015 May 21;36(20):1223-30.
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/36/20/1223/2293258?login=false
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25732762?tool=bestpractice.com
O choque hipovolêmico é a forma mais comum de choque em crianças em todo o mundo, dada a taxa de doença diarreica nos países em desenvolvimento, especialmente entre as crianças.[17]Thomas NJ, Carcillo JA. Hypovolemic shock in pediatric patients. New Horiz. 1998 May;6(2):120-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9654319?tool=bestpractice.com
Trauma, uma causa comum de choque hipovolêmico em todo o mundo, é a principal causa de óbito em pacientes com idade entre 1 e 44 anos nos EUA.[18]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Web-based injury statistics query and reporting system (WISQARS). Dec 2021 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars