Thoracolumbar spine trauma

American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) sensory and motor impairment scale[68]American Spinal Injury Association. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. Chicago, IL: American Spinal Injury Association; 2000:1-23.

A comprehensive system of classification of clinical outcome of traumatic spinal cord injury.[65]Kirshblum SC, Burns SP, Biering-Sorensen F, et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury (revised 2011). J Spinal Cord Med. 2011 Nov;34(6):535-46. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232636 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22330108?tool=bestpractice.com

• A (complete): no motor or sensory function in the lowest sacral segment (S4-S5).

• B (incomplete): sensory function below neurological level and in S4-S5; no motor function below neurological level.

• C (incomplete): motor function is preserved below neurological level, and more than one half of the key muscle groups below neurological level have a muscle grade <3.

• D (incomplete): motor function is preserved below neurological level, and at least one half of the key muscle groups below neurological level have a muscle grade ≥3.

• E (normal): sensory and motor function is normal.

[Figure caption and citation for the preceding image starts]: ASIA Standard Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury: impairment scaleAmerican Spinal Injury Association, used with permission [Citation ends].