As seguintes ações podem ajudar a prevenir novas infecções otológicas: amamentar durante a primeira infância, evitar a exposição à fumaça do tabaco, alimentar a criança com a cabeça elevada, evitar chupetas quando possível e evitar ambientes que aumentem a exposição da criança aos vírus do resfriado.[15]van Ingen G, le Clercq CMP, Touw CE, et al. Environmental determinants associated with acute otitis media in children: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Res. 2020 Jan;87(1):163-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31421634?tool=bestpractice.com
[55]Bowatte G, Tham R, Allen KJ, et al. Breastfeeding and childhood acute otitis media: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr. 2015 Dec;104(467):85-95.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/apa.13151
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26265016?tool=bestpractice.com
[56]Marchisio P, Bortone B, Ciarcià M, et al. Updated Guidelines for the Management of Acute Otitis Media in Children by the Italian Society of Pediatrics: Prevention. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2019 Dec;38(12s suppl):S22-S36.
https://journals.lww.com/pidj/Fulltext/2019/12001/Updated_Guidelines_for_the_Management_of_Acute.4.aspx
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31876602?tool=bestpractice.com
A vacina pneumocócica conjugada pode ter um pequeno efeito na incidência de OMA, especialmente contra as cepas de pneumococos da vacina.[57]de Sévaux JL, Venekamp RP, Lutje V, et al. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 24;11:CD001480.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001480.pub6/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33231293?tool=bestpractice.com
[58]Pichichero M, Kaur R, Scott DA, et al. Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination for protection against acute otitis media caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy young children: a prospective observational study. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2018 Aug;2(8):561-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30119715?tool=bestpractice.com
[59]Kobayashi M, Farrar JL, Gierke R, et al. Use of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among U.S. children: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Sep 16;71(37):1174-81.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7137a3.htm?s_cid=mm7137a3_w
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36107786?tool=bestpractice.com
As pesquisas sobre o uso de imunização contra o vírus influenza na prevenção da OMA se mostraram inconclusivas.[60]Norhayati MN, Ho JJ, Azman MY. Influenza vaccines for preventing acute otitis media in infants and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Oct 17;(10):CD010089.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010089.pub3/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29039160?tool=bestpractice.com
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In infants and children, do influenza vaccines help to prevent acute otitis media?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.1985/fullMostre-me a resposta[Evidência B]973519c8-58e6-4205-9717-301c9bbe9d84ccaBEm lactentes e crianças, as vacinas contra gripe (influenza) ajudam a prevenir a otite média aguda?
O tratamento de infecções por influenza com oseltamivir pode prevenir o envolvimento do ouvido médio e, portanto, reduzir a ocorrência de OMA durante a estação da gripe (influenza).[61]Winther BB. Impact of oseltamivir treatment on the incidence and course of acute otitis media in children with influenza. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010 Jun;74(6):684-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20363510?tool=bestpractice.com
[62]Gibbs D. Oseltamivir effective for reducing influenza duration in children. Am Fam Physician. 2010 Nov 1;82(9):1140-1.
https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2010/1101/p1140.html
O uso de xilitol, um poliálcool, na forma de xarope ou goma, para prevenção de OMA, tem produzido resultados mistos.[63]Tapiainen T, Luotonen L, Kontiokari T, et al. Xylitol administered only during respiratory infections failed to prevent acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2002 Feb;109(2):E19.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11826229?tool=bestpractice.com
[64]Hautalahti O, Renko M, Tapiainen T, et al. Failure of xylitol given three times a day for preventing acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007 May;26(5):423-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17468653?tool=bestpractice.com
[65]Azarpazhooh A, Lawrence HP, Shah PS, et al. Xylitol for preventing acute otitis media in children up to 12 years of age. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Aug 3;(8):CD007095.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD007095.pub3/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27486835?tool=bestpractice.com
[66]Danhauer JL, Johnson CE, Corbin NE, et al. Xylitol as a prophylaxis for acute otitis media: systematic review. Int J Audiol. 2010 Oct;49(10):754-61.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20874048?tool=bestpractice.com
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In children up to 12 years of age, what are the benefits and harms of xylitol for preventing acute otitis media?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.1487/fullMostre-me a resposta
O uso de antibióticos para a prevenção da OMA, apesar de ter um benefício limitado (é necessário tratar 5 pessoas para evitar que 1 pessoa tenha infecção), provavelmente resultará na seleção de bactérias resistentes.[67]Leach AJ, Morris PS. Antibiotics for the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD004401.
https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004401.pub2/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17054203?tool=bestpractice.com
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In children at high risk of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media, is there randomized controlled trial evidence to support the use of antibiotic prophylaxis?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.94/fullMostre-me a resposta