Emerging treatments
Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) inhibitors
Tetrabenazine, deutetrabenazine, and valbenazine are VMAT2 inhibitors that deplete dopamine in the presynaptic terminal. They may have some efficacy in idiopathic dystonia and appear to be particularly effective for tardive dystonia. However, the numbers of patients studied in a controlled fashion are quite small, and further data are necessary for treatment recommendations to be made.[71][72][73][74] One comprehensive review of tetrabenazine for use in dystonia, tardive dyskinesia, and tardive dystonia, suggests that tetrabenazine may be more useful in tardive dystonia than other forms of dystonia.[75]
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