Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia and global incidence and prevalence are increasing.[6]Kornej J, Börschel CS, Benjamin EJ, et al. Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in the 21st century: novel methods and new insights. Circ Res. 2020 Jun 19;127(1):4-20.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.316340?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32716709?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Elliott AD, Middeldorp ME, Van Gelder IC, et al. Epidemiology and modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2023 Jun;20(6):404-17.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36600003?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Ohlrogge AH, Brederecke J, Schnabel RB. Global burden of atrial fibrillation and flutter by national income: results from the global burden of disease 2019 database. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Sep 5;12(17):e030438.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.123.030438?rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37646216?tool=bestpractice.com
In 2017, the global prevalence was estimated at 0.51%, an increase of over 30% in 20 years; similarly the global incidence had also increased by over 30%.[9]Lippi G, Sanchis-Gomar F, Cervellin G. Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: an increasing epidemic and public health challenge. Int J Stroke. 2021 Feb;16(2):217-21.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31955707?tool=bestpractice.com
The prevalence of AF increases with age, from 0.5% at 40 to 50 years to 5% to 15% at 80 years. Men are more often affected than women.[10]Kannel WB, Wolf PA, Benjamin EJ, et al. Prevalence, incidence, prognosis, and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation: population-based estimates. Am J Cardiol. 1998 Oct 16;82(8A):2N-9N.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9809895?tool=bestpractice.com
The Rotterdam study found that the lifetime risk of developing AF at 55 years old was 24% in men and 22% in women.[11]Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, et al. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J. 2006 Apr;27(8):949-53.
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/27/8/949/2887153
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527828?tool=bestpractice.com
In the Framingham and Rotterdam studies, after adjustment for age and other risk factors, AF occurrence was greater in men than in women but occurrence was similar in other analyses.[11]Heeringa J, van der Kuip DA, Hofman A, et al. Prevalence, incidence and lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam study. Eur Heart J. 2006 Apr;27(8):949-53.
https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/27/8/949/2887153
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16527828?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Lloyd-Jones DM, Wang TJ, Leip EP, et al. Lifetime risk for the development of atrial fibrillation: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2004 Aug 31;110(9):1042-6.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.CIR.0000140263.20897.42
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15313941?tool=bestpractice.com
[13]Feinberg WM, Blackshear JL, Laupacis A, et al. Prevalence, age distribution and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation: analysis and implications. Arch Intern Med. 1995 Mar 13;155(5):469-73.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864703?tool=bestpractice.com
The Screening for Atrial Fibrillation in the Elderly (SAFE) project reported that the baseline prevalence of AF in participants aged over 65 years was 7.2%, with a higher prevalence in men (7.8%) and people aged 75 years or older, with an incidence of 0.69% to 1.64% per year, depending on screening method.[14]Hobbs FD, Fitzmaurice DA, Jowett S, et al. A randomised controlled trial and cost-effectiveness study of systematic screening (targeted and total population screening) versus routine practice for the detection of atrial fibrillation in people aged 65 and over: the SAFE study. Health Technol Assess. 2005 Oct;9(40):iii-iv;ix-x;1-74.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16202350?tool=bestpractice.com
These incidence data refer to cross-sectional study data whereby most people would have AF lasting >7 days (persistent, paroxysmal, or permanent AF) rather than acute AF. In the UK, the prevalence of AF is 0.5% to 1.0% and incidence is 0.54 cases per 1000 person-years.[15]Stewart S, Hart CL, Hole DJ, et al. Population prevalence, incidence, and predictors of atrial fibrillation in the Renfrew/Paisley study. Heart. 2001 Nov;86(5):516-21.
http://heart.bmj.com/content/86/5/516.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11602543?tool=bestpractice.com
[16]Murdoch DL, O'Neill K, Jackson J, et al. Are atrial fibrillation guidelines altering management? A community based study. Scott Med J. 2005 Nov;50(4):166-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16374981?tool=bestpractice.com
The prevalence and incidence of AF in non-white populations is less well studied. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 found that the rates of prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) decreased from 1990 to 2017, but the absolute number of patients with AF, the annual number of new cases, and DALYs increased.[17]Wang L, Ze F, Li J, et al. Trends of global burden of atrial fibrillation/flutter from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Heart. 2021 Jun;107(11):881-7.
https://heart.bmj.com/content/107/11/881.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33148545?tool=bestpractice.com
In the US, the prevalence of AF is estimated to increase from approximately 5.2 million in 2010 to 12.1 million in 2030.[18]Colilla S, Crow A, Petkun W, et al. Estimates of current and future incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the U.S. adult population. Am J Cardiol. 2013 Oct 15;112(8):1142-7.
https://www.ajconline.org/article/S0002-9149(13)01288-5/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23831166?tool=bestpractice.com