A artrite séptica é causada pela inoculação patogênica de microrganismos na articulação por via hematogênica ou diretamente. Os organismos causadores predominantes da artrite séptica são estafilococos ou estreptococos.[2]Kaandorp CJ, Dinant HJ, van de Laar MA, et al. Incidence and sources of native and prosthetic joint infection: a community based prospective survey. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997 Aug;56(8):470-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1752430/pdf/v056p00470.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9306869?tool=bestpractice.com
[3]Weston VC, Jones AC, Bradbury N, et al. Clinical features and outcome of septic arthritis in a single UK health district 1982-1991. Ann Rheum Dis. 1999 Apr;58(4):214-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1752863/pdf/v058p00214.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364899?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Gupta MN, Sturrock RD, Field M. A prospective 2-year study of 75 patients with adult-onset septic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Jan;40(1):24-30.
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/40/1/24
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157138?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Gupta MN, Sturrock RD, Field M. Prospective comparative study of patients with culture proven and high suspicion of adult onset septic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003 Apr;62(4):327-31.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1754487/pdf/v062p00327.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12634231?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Dubost JJ, Soubrier M, De Champs C, et al. No changes in the distribution of organisms responsible for septic arthritis over a 20 year period. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 Mar;61(3):267-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1754020/pdf/v061p00267.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11830437?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Sharp JT, Lidsky MD, Duffy J, et al. Infectious arthritis. Arch Intern Med. 1979 Oct;139(10):1125-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/485744?tool=bestpractice.com
Esses organismos são responsáveis por 91% dos casos.[4]Gupta MN, Sturrock RD, Field M. A prospective 2-year study of 75 patients with adult-onset septic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Jan;40(1):24-30.
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/40/1/24
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157138?tool=bestpractice.com
Fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da artrite séptica incluem artrite reumatoide ou osteoartrite,[2]Kaandorp CJ, Dinant HJ, van de Laar MA, et al. Incidence and sources of native and prosthetic joint infection: a community based prospective survey. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997 Aug;56(8):470-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1752430/pdf/v056p00470.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9306869?tool=bestpractice.com
[3]Weston VC, Jones AC, Bradbury N, et al. Clinical features and outcome of septic arthritis in a single UK health district 1982-1991. Ann Rheum Dis. 1999 Apr;58(4):214-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1752863/pdf/v058p00214.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10364899?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Gupta MN, Sturrock RD, Field M. A prospective 2-year study of 75 patients with adult-onset septic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Jan;40(1):24-30.
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/40/1/24
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157138?tool=bestpractice.com
[6]Dubost JJ, Soubrier M, De Champs C, et al. No changes in the distribution of organisms responsible for septic arthritis over a 20 year period. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002 Mar;61(3):267-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1754020/pdf/v061p00267.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11830437?tool=bestpractice.com
próteses das articulações,[2]Kaandorp CJ, Dinant HJ, van de Laar MA, et al. Incidence and sources of native and prosthetic joint infection: a community based prospective survey. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997 Aug;56(8):470-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1752430/pdf/v056p00470.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9306869?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Gupta MN, Sturrock RD, Field M. A prospective 2-year study of 75 patients with adult-onset septic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Jan;40(1):24-30.
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/40/1/24
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157138?tool=bestpractice.com
abuso de substâncias por via intravenosa,[4]Gupta MN, Sturrock RD, Field M. A prospective 2-year study of 75 patients with adult-onset septic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001 Jan;40(1):24-30.
http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/40/1/24
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157138?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Sharp JT, Lidsky MD, Duffy J, et al. Infectious arthritis. Arch Intern Med. 1979 Oct;139(10):1125-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/485744?tool=bestpractice.com
transtornos decorrentes do uso de bebidas alcoólicas,[7]Sharp JT, Lidsky MD, Duffy J, et al. Infectious arthritis. Arch Intern Med. 1979 Oct;139(10):1125-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/485744?tool=bestpractice.com
diabetes,[7]Sharp JT, Lidsky MD, Duffy J, et al. Infectious arthritis. Arch Intern Med. 1979 Oct;139(10):1125-30.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/485744?tool=bestpractice.com
injeção intra-articular prévia de corticosteroides[8]Meijers KA, Dijkmans BA, Hermans J, et al. Non-gonococcal infectious arthritis: a retrospective study. J Infect. 1987 Jan;14(1):13-20.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3819454?tool=bestpractice.com
e a presença de úlceras cutâneas.[2]Kaandorp CJ, Dinant HJ, van de Laar MA, et al. Incidence and sources of native and prosthetic joint infection: a community based prospective survey. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997 Aug;56(8):470-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1752430/pdf/v056p00470.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9306869?tool=bestpractice.com
Em pacientes sexualmente ativos, pode-se suspeitar de artrite gonocócica. Os organismos Gram-negativos são encontrados com mais frequência em pessoas idosas e em pacientes imunocomprometidos que entre os jovens, embora os estafilococos e os estreptococos predominem. Microrganismos anaeróbios raramente causam artrite séptica, exceto no caso de traumatismo penetrante.[9]Brook I, Frazier EH. Anaerobic osteomyelitis and arthritis in a military hospital: a 10-year experience. Am J Med. 1993 Jan;94(1):21-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8420297?tool=bestpractice.com
O Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) associado à comunidade está se tornando mais comum em muitas partes do mundo e deve-se suspeitar do microrganismo em pacientes que recentemente receberam alta de hospital, residentes de instituições asilares, pessoas com ulceração na perna e aqueles com sonda vesical de demora.
Deve-se suspeitar de artrite tuberculosa em pessoas imunocomprometidas e em pacientes provindos de áreas onde a tuberculose é prevalente.