Complications

Complication
Timeframe
Likelihood
long term
low

A calcification that develops adjacent to the adductor tubercle. This complication results from a nonhealing collateral ligament injury (usually >6 weeks old). Pellegrini-Stieda disease will be visible on anteroposterior x-rays.

long term
low

The incidence of knee osteoarthritis after isolated MCL injuries is quite low. There is a higher incidence after multiligament injuries and chronic MCL injury.[44][45]

Osteoarthritis

variable
medium

The likelihood of developing stiffness in the knee joint after acute injury is much higher if no physical therapy is employed. Range of motion exercises dramatically reduce the incidence.

variable
low

Persistent valgus instability can occur after acute MCL injury if the ligament has not adequately healed. The incidence of chronic MCL injury is higher after multiligament injuries and MCL/anterior cruciate ligament combined injuries. Chronic MCL injuries usually need operative repair. Referral to an orthopedic specialist is recommended.

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