Patients should be educated about the prognosis of their condition, the importance of treatment, and participate fully in their care.[62]American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: diabetic retinopathy. Oct 2019 [internet publication].
https://www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/diabetic-retinopathy-ppp
[70]Wong TY, Sun J, Kawasaki R, et al. Guidelines on diabetic eye care: The International Council of Ophthalmology recommendations for screening, follow-up, referral, and treatment based on resource settings. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):1608-22.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(17)33523-6/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29776671?tool=bestpractice.com
Diabetes can damage the retina, and the chances of this happening increase with the duration of the disease. Treatment can be given to arrest this damage and prevent loss of vision, but it must be applied at the right moment because once vision is lost, treatment is unlikely to restore it. Unfortunately, retinal damage can become sight-threatening without the patient being aware of it. Therefore, patients with diabetes should be encouraged to have regular checkups for diabetic retinopathy.
National Eye Institute: diabetic eye disease resources
Opens in new window The progress of retinal damage can be slowed by effective glycemic and hypertensive control.
Despite treatment, some patients with diabetic retinopathy have considerable vision loss.[62]American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: diabetic retinopathy. Oct 2019 [internet publication].
https://www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/diabetic-retinopathy-ppp
[101]Ferris F. Early photocoagulation in patients with either type I or type II diabetes. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1996;94:505-37.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1312110
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8981711?tool=bestpractice.com
Vision rehabilitation is important for patients with diabetic retinopathy and in all patients who have vision loss.[61]American Diabetes Association. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of care in diabetes-2024. Jan 2024 [internet publication].
https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/47/Supplement_1/S231/153941/12-Retinopathy-Neuropathy-and-Foot-Care-Standards
[62]American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice pattern: diabetic retinopathy. Oct 2019 [internet publication].
https://www.aao.org/preferred-practice-pattern/diabetic-retinopathy-ppp
[70]Wong TY, Sun J, Kawasaki R, et al. Guidelines on diabetic eye care: The International Council of Ophthalmology recommendations for screening, follow-up, referral, and treatment based on resource settings. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):1608-22.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(17)33523-6/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29776671?tool=bestpractice.com
[87]American Academy of Ophthalmology. Preferred practice patterns: retina summary benchmarks. Dec 2023 [internet publication].
https://www.aao.org/education/summary-benchmark-detail/retina-summary-benchmarks-2020
[120]Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision Rehabilitation Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(22)00869-7/fulltext
[121]Codina CJ, Rhodes M. Low vision services provision throughout NHS Trusts in the UK. Br Ir Orthopt J. 2023 Aug 8;19(1):64-70.
https://bioj-online.com/articles/10.22599/bioj.293
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37577067?tool=bestpractice.com
Even early vision loss may lead to disability, which can affect visual performance, cause anxiety, interfere with safety and everyday activities, and decrease quality of life.[61]American Diabetes Association. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of care in diabetes-2024. Jan 2024 [internet publication].
https://diabetesjournals.org/care/article/47/Supplement_1/S231/153941/12-Retinopathy-Neuropathy-and-Foot-Care-Standards
[120]Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision Rehabilitation Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(22)00869-7/fulltext
Professional support and referral for counseling, vision rehabilitation, or social services are recommended where available, particularly for patients with functionally limiting postoperative vision impairment.[70]Wong TY, Sun J, Kawasaki R, et al. Guidelines on diabetic eye care: The International Council of Ophthalmology recommendations for screening, follow-up, referral, and treatment based on resource settings. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):1608-22.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(17)33523-6/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29776671?tool=bestpractice.com
[120]Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision Rehabilitation Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(22)00869-7/fulltext
Vision rehabilitation should be person-centered, exploring the broader impact of vision loss on patients’ lives. Aiming to optimize patients’ reading, daily living activities, safety, well-being, and community engagement.[120]Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision Rehabilitation Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmol. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.
https://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(22)00869-7/fulltext