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Images

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Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: optic disk new vessels (red arrow), intraretinal microvascular abnormality (IRMA; green arrow), cotton wool spot (white arrow), venous beading and segmentation (red rectangle), featureless retina suggestive of capillary nonperfusion (white ellipse)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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28

Diabetic retinopathy

Optical coherence tomogram of normal eye: normal foveal depression at center of macula (yellow arrow), inner retina (toward center of eye; red arrow), outer retina (farther from center of eye; blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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2

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema: exudate (yellow arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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10

Diabetic retinopathy

Fluorescein angiogram of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: microaneurysms (red arrow), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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6

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema: nerve fiber layer hemorrhage (blue arrow), exudate (yellow arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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17

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: retrohyaloid hemorrhage (red arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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9

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: traction toward optic disk and consequent total retinal detachment (white block arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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29

Diabetic retinopathy

Optical coherence tomography in vitreomacular traction: loss of foveal depression with traction on fovea (in direction of yellow arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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31

Diabetic retinopathy

Fluorescein angiogram in mid-venous phase in diabetic retinopathy with microaneurysms only: microaneurysm (red arrow), optic disk (yellow arrow), macula (white circle)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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40

Diabetic retinopathy

Central retinal vein occlusion: optic disk swelling (white circle), macular edema (yellow circle), exudate (yellow arrow), nerve fiber layer hemorrhage (blue arrow), venous engorgement and tortuosity (white arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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16

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema: exudate (yellow arrow), microaneurysms (red arrow), venous dilatation (blue arrow), cotton wool spot (white arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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34

Diabetic retinopathy

Fluorescein angiogram in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: new vessels on the optic disk (red arrow), capillary nonperfusion (red rectangle), microaneurysms (green circle), venous beading (blue arrow), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (yellow arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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4

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema: cotton wool spot (white arrow), thickened retina (white circle)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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26

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema: exudate (yellow arrow), microaneurysms (red arrow), thickened retina (white circle), cystic change at macula (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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27

Diabetic retinopathy

Optical coherence tomography in macular edema: loss of central foveal depression (yellow arrow), accumulation of fluid within cystoid spaces at fovea (red arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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22

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: nerve fiber layer hemorrhage (yellow arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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12

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: cotton wool spot (white arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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32

Diabetic retinopathy

Fluorescein angiogram in proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular ischemia: macular ischemia (green circle), capillary nonperfusion (white arrow), optic disk new vessels (red arrow), venous beading (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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33

Diabetic retinopathy

Fluorescein angiography in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Vascular component of fibrovascular proliferation (red arrows), capillary nonperfusion (yellow arrow), laser burns (green circle)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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21

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: retrohyaloid hemorrhage (red arrow), venous beading (blue arrow), cluster hemorrhage (white circle), panretinal laser burns (black arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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14

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema: exudate plaque (yellow arrow), cluster hemorrhage (green arrow), venous beading (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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7

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: new vessels on the optic disk (red circle)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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23

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: venous beading (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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36

Diabetic retinopathy

Fluorescein angiogram of nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: microaneurysms (red arrow), intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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39

Diabetic retinopathy

Radiation retinopathy: cotton wool spots (white arrow), optic disk edema (white circle), venous beading (blue arrow), nerve fiber layer hemorrhage (red arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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41

Diabetic retinopathy

Branch retinal vein occlusion: site of occlusion (white circle), cotton wool spot (white arrow), nerve fiber layer hemorrhage (red arrow), cluster hemorrhage (green arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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8

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: extensive vitreous hemorrhage obscuring most of fundus (white circle)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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25

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: traction tear (white ellipse)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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11

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: cluster hemorrhages (red circle), cotton wool spot (white arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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18

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: new vessels on the optic disk (red circle), retrohyaloid hemorrhage (red arrow), new vessels elsewhere with fibrosis (white arrow), dot and blot hemorrhage (green arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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1

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: intraretinal microvascular abnormality (IRMA; green arrow), venous beading and segmentation (blue arrow), cluster hemorrhage (red circle), featureless retina suggestive of capillary nonperfusion (white ellipse)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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13

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: flame hemorrhage (red arrow), venous beading (white rectangle)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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35

Diabetic retinopathy

Fluorescein angiogram in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: new vessels elsewhere (red circle), capillary nonperfusion (white arrow), panretinal laser burns (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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38

Diabetic retinopathy

Ocular ischemic syndrome: scattered posterior-pole and equatorial cluster hemorrhages (white circle)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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19

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: macular laser burns (black arrow), misty vitreous hemorrhage (blue arrow), clot within vitreous hemorrhage (red arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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3

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema: thickened retina (white ellipse), exudate (yellow arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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15

Diabetic retinopathy

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy: blot hemorrhage (white circle)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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20

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: new vessels elsewhere (red arrow), venous beading (blue arrow), intraretinal microvascular abnormality (green arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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37

Diabetic retinopathy

Fluorescein angiogram in proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular ischemia: macular ischemia (green circle), capillary nonperfusion (white arrow), optic disk new vessels (red arrow), venous beading (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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30

Diabetic retinopathy

Normal retina left eye: optic disk (white square), macula (white circle), arteriole (red arrow), venule (blue arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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24

Diabetic retinopathy

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy: new vessels elsewhere (white arrow), vitreous (intra-gel) hemorrhage (green arrow), retrohyaloid hemorrhage (red arrow)

Courtesy of Moorfields Photographic Archive; used with permission

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