Differentials

Arteriovenous malformation

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Subacute presentation.

Presents more often with seizures.

INVESTIGATIONS

Brain CT and/or MRI of the brain will show an arteriovenous malformation.

Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Age >55 years.

History of hypertension.

Headache with focal neurologic deficit.

INVESTIGATIONS

Diagnostic cerebral angiography will be normal.

CT or MRI of the brain will show a focal hematoma more typical for a hypertensive hemorrhage.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Middle-aged woman.

Subacute presentation.

May have known hypercoagulable state.

Papilledema seen on examination.

INVESTIGATIONS

Diagnostic cerebral angiography will show slow arteriovenous transit if there is venous hypertension, and a flow defect in a major sinus.

Pattern of hemorrhage on CT or MRI will be adjacent to cortical vein or sinus.

Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Older patient with a fall.

Headaches are usually less severe.

INVESTIGATIONS

CT will show hemorrhage focused along the bony contour, sometimes with an associated skull fracture.

Hemorrhagic tumor

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

History of primary malignancy, particularly lung or renal carcinoma.

INVESTIGATIONS

CT or MRI may show a mass with surrounding hemorrhage.

A thrombosed aneurysm may produce surrounding edema and hemorrhage mimicking a mass.

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