Aortic stenosis

There are no effective strategies for the primary prevention of AS; however, it remains to be seen if the incidence of AS will decrease with the increased recognition and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors that appear to contribute to aortic valve pathology.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis is no longer routinely recommended in patients with AS who undergo dental procedures. However, it should be considered in the following high-risk groups before dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation of the oral mucosa:[26]Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Feb 2;143(5):e72-227. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000923 ​​

• Patients with prosthetic cardiac valves, including transcatheter-implanted prostheses and homografts

• Patients with a history of valve repair using prosthetic cardiac material such as annuloplasty rings and chords

• Patients with previous infective endocarditis

• Patients with unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease or repaired congenital heart disease, with residual shunts or valvular regurgitation at the site of, or adjacent to the site of, a prosthetic patch or device

• Cardiac transplant recipients with valve regurgitation due to a structurally abnormal valve.