Prognosis

Mortality rates are higher after an incident hemorrhagic stroke (68%) than after ischemic stroke (57%).[5][167]​​​ Only 20% to 30% of all patients are well enough to live independently by 3 to 6 months.[168][169]

Hemorrhage volume is the strongest predictor of outcome.[170]​ Advanced age, impaired consciousness at presentation, and rupture of the hematoma into the ventricular system are also associated with worse outcomes.[25]

The Intracerebral Hemorrhage Score is a simple validated tool for predicting risk of death and functional outcome.[25][171] A similar score (the FUNC score) can be used to predict 3-month functional outcomes.[172] Such clinical grading scales may be useful to stratify patients based on initial severity, but these numbers should be used with caution in clinical practice as they have been shown to overestimate the precise outcome.[173]

Guidelines recommend that all patients with intracerebral hemorrhage have access to multidisciplinary rehabilitation.[9] One Cochrane review found that cardiorespiratory training (particularly involving walking) reduced disability, likely mediated by improved balance and mobility. Mixed training improved walking and balance, but to a lesser extent. Exercise interventions after stroke appeared to be safe.[174]

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