Epidemiology

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide.[4]​ In 2019 there were 12.2 million new strokes, and 6.55 million people died as a result.[4]​ Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the US, with a prevalence of 3.3% and approximately 795,000 new and recurrent strokes per year.​​[5]

Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for about 10% of incident strokes, but is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life-years lost than ischemic stroke.[4]​​[5]​ Three-quarters of hemorrhagic strokes are intracerebral hemorrhage, and the remainder are subarachnoid hemorrhage.[6]​​ The global prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage was 18.88 million cases in 2020.[7] There was a decrease of 3.33% in the age-standardized prevalence rate from 2010 to 2020.[7] Globally, the number of deaths attributable to intracerebral hemorrhage in 2021 was 3.38 million.​[5]​ The age-standardized mortality rate decreased between 2010 and 2021.[5]​​​​[7]​​​ ​​In 2020, age-standardized intracerebral hemorrhage mortality was highest in Oceania, followed by western, central, and eastern sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia.[7]​ The estimated global lifetime risk of hemorrhagic stroke from the age of 25 years onward is 8.2%.[8]

The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage rises with age.[4][9] Overall, men have a higher incidence than women, although the difference lessens with age.​​​[5][10]​​ ​​Black people and people of Asian or Latino/Hispanic origin have a higher rate of intracerebral hemorrhage than white people.​​​[11][12]​​​​​​​​

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