Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide.[4]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Oct;20(10):795-820.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00252-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487721?tool=bestpractice.com
In 2019 there were 12.2 million new strokes, and 6.55 million people died as a result.[4]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Oct;20(10):795-820.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00252-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487721?tool=bestpractice.com
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the US, with a prevalence of 3.3% and approximately 795,000 new and recurrent strokes per year.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001209
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38264914?tool=bestpractice.com
Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for about 10% of incident strokes, but is responsible for more deaths and disability-adjusted life-years lost than ischemic stroke.[4]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Oct;20(10):795-820.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00252-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487721?tool=bestpractice.com
[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001209
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38264914?tool=bestpractice.com
Three-quarters of hemorrhagic strokes are intracerebral hemorrhage, and the remainder are subarachnoid hemorrhage.[6]Shoamanesh A, Patrice Lindsay M, Castellucci LA, et al. Canadian stroke best practice recommendations: management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, 7th edition update 2020. Int J Stroke. 2021 Apr;16(3):321-41.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1747493020968424
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33174815?tool=bestpractice.com
The global prevalence of intracerebral hemorrhage was 18.88 million cases in 2020.[7]GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-22.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069326?tool=bestpractice.com
There was a decrease of 3.33% in the age-standardized prevalence rate from 2010 to 2020.[7]GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-22.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069326?tool=bestpractice.com
Globally, the number of deaths attributable to intracerebral hemorrhage in 2021 was 3.38 million.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001209
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38264914?tool=bestpractice.com
The age-standardized mortality rate decreased between 2010 and 2021.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001209
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38264914?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-22.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069326?tool=bestpractice.com
In 2020, age-standardized intracerebral hemorrhage mortality was highest in Oceania, followed by western, central, and eastern sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia.[7]GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020 Oct 17;396(10258):1204-22.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30925-9/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33069326?tool=bestpractice.com
The estimated global lifetime risk of hemorrhagic stroke from the age of 25 years onward is 8.2%.[8]GBD 2016 Lifetime Risk of Stroke Collaborators, Feigin VL, Nguyen G, et al. Global, regional, and country-specific lifetime risks of stroke, 1990 and 2016. N Engl J Med. 2018 Dec 20;379(25):2429-37.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1804492
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30575491?tool=bestpractice.com
The incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage rises with age.[4]GBD 2019 Stroke Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Oct;20(10):795-820.
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(21)00252-0/fulltext
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34487721?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, et al. 2022 Guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022 Jul;53(7):e282-361.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/STR.0000000000000407
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35579034?tool=bestpractice.com
Overall, men have a higher incidence than women, although the difference lessens with age.[5]Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001209
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/38264914?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Appelros P, Stegmayr B, Terént A. Sex differences in stroke epidemiology: a systematic review. Stroke. 2009 Apr;40(4):1082-90.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.540781
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19211488?tool=bestpractice.com
Black people and people of Asian or Latino/Hispanic origin have a higher rate of intracerebral hemorrhage than white people.[11]Gardener H, Sacco RL, Rundek T, et al. Race and ethnic disparities in stroke incidence in the northern Manhattan study. Stroke. 2020 Apr;51(4):1064-9.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/STROKEAHA.119.028806
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32078475?tool=bestpractice.com
[12]Howard G, Moy CS, Howard VJ, et al. Where to focus efforts to reduce the black-white disparity in stroke mortality: incidence versus case fatality? Stroke. 2016 Jul;47(7):1893-8.
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012631
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27256672?tool=bestpractice.com