Screening

There is no widely accepted screening protocol for the general population.

Red reflex testing should be performed at regular intervals by a physician, starting at birth.[54]​​ Dilated fundus examinations are difficult for primary care providers to perform, and the ideal schedule and timing of such examinations is difficult to determine given that the disease can present at any time during childhood.

Screening children at high risk

The American Association of Ophthalmic Oncologists and Pathologists recommends screening children at high risk for retinoblastoma every 2 to 4 weeks for the first 8 weeks of life, followed by monthly examinations during the first year.[41]

Screening may be performed in the clinic or under anesthesia. Exam under anesthesia may be preferred for high risk children ages >8 weeks.[41]

A noninvasive prenatal diagnosis test has been developed and evaluated for retinoblastoma.[55] However, little experience of its use exists, and clinical screening remains the gold standard.

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