Primary prevention

Eradication of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [KSHV]) is not currently possible, and few specific recommendations can be made for the prevention of KS.[2][4]

Patients at risk of developing KS who should be examined for lesions include:

  • Older men of Mediterranean or Jewish origin

  • People living with HIV

  • Patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy

  • Transplant recipients.

Screening solid organ transplant recipients and transplant donors for HHV-8 infection may increase knowledge regarding epidemiology and management of HHV-8-associated disease in transplant recipients.[33]

Saliva is a source of infectious virus and is likely an important route of transmission of HHV-8. The US National Cancer Institute advises that men who have sex with men should be counseled about the possible spread of HHV-8 through saliva.[34]

Among people living with HIV, early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is likely to be the most effective measure for the prevention of KS; no antiretroviral agents have proven to be superior for the prevention of KS.[35]

Antiviral therapies for herpesviruses, such as ganciclovir or foscarnet, can reduce the risk of KS among people living with HIV. However, routine use of these drugs for prevention of KS in patients with HIV infection (or other populations with KSHV infection) is not indicated because of their toxicity.[4]​

Secondary prevention

People living with HIV with KS should adhere to an effective, uninterrupted antiretroviral regimen in order to avoid disease progression and/or the development of new KS lesions.[35]​

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