Primary prevention

Limited exposure to the primary causes of extrinsic ageing remains the most effective way to prevent the early onset and progression of wrinkles. Sun exposure, sunlamps, and tanning beds should be avoided, and sunscreens with broad-spectrum ultraviolet (UV)-A and UV-B protection should be used on all areas of unprotected skin, especially the face and hands. Broad-rimmed hats and other protective clothing should also be worn when out in the sun. Abstinence from smoking prevents acceleration of the ageing process and its associated wrinkling. Sunglasses may prevent squinting from the sun, and thus, accentuation of facial expression lines such as 'crow's feet'. Anti-ageing skin care products (e.g., retinoids, vitamin C, antioxidants) also contribute to the prevention of wrinkle formation.

Secondary prevention

This is much the same as primary prevention with appropriate sun protection, using anti-ageing skin care products, and abstinence from smoking.

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