Paradoxical vocal fold motion (intermittent laryngeal obstruction)

Morris MJ, Allan PF, Perkins PJ. Vocal cord dysfunction: etiologies and treatment. Clin Pulm Med. 2006;13:73-86.

Clemm HH, Olin JT, McIntosh C, et al. Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on 'acute respiratory illness in the athlete'. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Jun;56(11):622-9.Full text  Abstract

Leong P, Vertigan AE, Hew M, et al. Diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction: an international delphi consensus study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 Oct;152(4):899-906.Full text  Abstract

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20. Morris MJ, Allan PF, Perkins PJ. Vocal cord dysfunction: etiologies and treatment. Clin Pulm Med. 2006;13:73-86.

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22. Johansson H, Norlander K, Berglund L, et al. Prevalence of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in a general adolescent population. Thorax. 2015 Jan;70(1):57-63.Full text  Abstract

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31. Hicks M, Brugman SM, Katial R. Vocal cord dysfunction/paradoxical vocal fold motion. Prim Care. 2008;35:81-103. Abstract

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34. Fujiki RB, Olson-Greb B, Thibeault SL. Clinical profiles of children and adolescents with induced laryngeal obstruction (ILO) and exercise induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO). Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2024 Feb;133(2):136-44. Abstract

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36. Olivier CE, Argentão DG, Lima RP, et al. The nasal provocation test combined with spirometry establishes paradoxical vocal fold motion in allergic subjects. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013;34:453-458. Abstract

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38. Cukier-Blaj S, Bewley A, Aviv JE, et al. Paradoxical vocal fold motion: a sensory-motor laryngeal disorder. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:367-370. Abstract

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44. Smith B, Milstein C, Rolfes B, et al. Paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) in pediatric otolaryngology. Am J Otolaryngol. 2017 Mar - Apr;38(2):230-232. Abstract

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46. Sasaki CT, Weaver EM. Physiology of the larynx. Am J Med. 1997;103:9S-18S. Abstract

47. Henriquez VM, Schulz GM, Bielamowicz S, et al. Laryngeal reflex responses are not modulated during human voice and respiratory tasks. J Physiol. 2007;585:779-789.Full text  Abstract

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49. Reix P, St-Hilaire M, Praud JP. Laryngeal sensitivity in the neonatal period: from bench to bedside. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:674-682. Abstract

50. Phua SY, McGarvey LP, Ngu MC, et al. Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and cough have impaired laryngopharyngeal mechanosensitivity. Thorax. 2005;60:488-491.Full text  Abstract

51. Olin JT, Clary MS, Deardorff EH, et al. Inducible laryngeal obstruction during exercise: moving beyond vocal cords with new insights. Phys Sportsmed. 2015 Feb;43(1):13-21. Abstract

52. Hull JH, Godbout K, Boulet LP. Exercise-associated dyspnea and stridor: thinking beyond asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Jul-Aug;8(7):2202-8. Abstract

53. Walsted ES, Faisal A, Jolley CJ, et al. Increased respiratory neural drive and work of breathing in exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2018 Feb 1;124(2):356-63.Full text  Abstract

54. Clemm HH, Olin JT, McIntosh C, et al. Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction (EILO) in athletes: a narrative review by a subgroup of the IOC Consensus on 'acute respiratory illness in the athlete'. Br J Sports Med. 2022 Jun;56(11):622-9.Full text  Abstract

55. Leong P, Gibson PG, Vertigan AE, et al. Vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction-2022 Melbourne Roundtable Report. Respirology. 2023 Jul;28(7):615-26.Full text  Abstract

56. Belafsky PC, Postma GN, Koufman JA. Validity and reliability of the reflux symptom index (RSI). J Voice. 2002;16:274-277. Abstract

57. Kahrilas PJ, Altman KW, Chang AB, et al. Chronic Cough Due to Gastroesophageal Reflux in Adults: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2016 Dec;150(6):1341-1360.Full text  Abstract

58. Altman KW, Simpson CB, Amin MR, et al. Cough and paradoxical vocal fold motion. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;127:501-511. Abstract

59. McFadden ER Jr, Zawadski DK. Vocal cord dysfunction masquerading as exercise-induced asthma. a physiologic cause for "choking" during athletic activities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;153:942-947. Abstract

60. Powell DM, Karanfilov BI, Beechler KB, et al. Paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction in juveniles. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;126:29-34.Full text  Abstract

61. Husein OF, Husein TN, Gardner R, et al. Formal psychological testing in patients with paradoxical vocal fold dysfunction. Laryngoscope. 2008;118:740-747. Abstract

62. Dromey C, Nissen SL, Roy N, et al. Articulatory changes following treatment of muscle tension dysphonia: preliminary acoustic evidence. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008;51:196-208. Abstract

63. Grillone GA, Blitzer A, Brin MF, et al. Treatment of adductor laryngeal breathing dystonia with botulinum toxin type A. Laryngoscope. 1994;104:30-32. Abstract

64. Larsen B, Caruso LJ, Villariet DB. Paradoxical vocal cord motion: an often misdiagnosed cause of postoperative stridor. J Clin Anesth. 2004;16:230-234. Abstract

65. Franca MC. Differential diagnosis in paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM): an interdisciplinary task. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78:2169-2173. Abstract

66. Gimenez LM, Zafra H. Vocal cord dysfunction: an update. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;106:267-274. Abstract

67. Sandage MJ, Zelazny SK. Paradoxical vocal fold motion in children and adolescents. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2004;35:353-362. Abstract

68. Hartley NA, Petty BE, Johnson B, et al. Comparative analysis of clinical profile: chronic cough vs paradoxical vocal fold motion. Respir Med. 2015;109:1516-1520. Abstract

69. Vertigan AE, Gibson PG, Theodoros DG, et al. A review of voice and upper airway function in chronic cough and paradoxical vocal cord movement. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;7:37-42. Abstract

70. Roy N, Ford CN, Bless DM. Muscle tension dysphonia and spasmodic dysphonia: the role of manual laryngeal tension reduction in diagnosis and management. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1996;105:851-856. Abstract

71. Mikita J, Parker J. High levels of medical utilization by ambulatory patients with vocal cord dysfunction as compared to age- and gender-matched asthmatics. Chest. 2006;129:905-908.Full text  Abstract

72. Gartner-Schmidt JL, Shembel AC, Zullo TG, et al. Development and validation of the Dyspnea Index (DI): a severity index for upper airway-related dyspnea. J Voice. 2014;28:775-782. Abstract

73. De Guzman V, Ballif CL, Maurer R, et al. Validation of the dyspnea index in adolescents with exercise-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;140:823-828. Abstract

74. Ibrahim WH, Gheriani HA, Almohamed AA, et al. Paradoxical vocal cord motion disorder: past, present and future. Postgrad Med J. 2007;83:164-172. Abstract

75. Leong P, Vertigan AE, Hew M, et al. Diagnosis of vocal cord dysfunction/inducible laryngeal obstruction: an international delphi consensus study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 Oct;152(4):899-906.Full text  Abstract

76. Wilson JJ, Wilson EM. Practical management: vocal cord dysfunction in athletes. Clin J Sport Med. 2006;16:357-360. Abstract

77. Olin JT, Clary MS, Connors D, et al. Glottic configuration in patients with exercise-induced stridor: a new paradigm. Laryngoscope. 2014;124:2568-2573. Abstract

78. Murry T, Cukier-Blaj S, Kelleher A, et al. Laryngeal and respiratory patterns in patients with paradoxical vocal fold motion. Respir Med. 2011;105:1891-1895.Full text  Abstract

79. Peters EJ, Hatley TK, Crater SE, et al. Sinus computed tomography scan and markers of inflammation in vocal cord dysfunction and asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;90:316-322.Full text  Abstract

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81. Nolan PK, Chrysler M, Phillips G, et al. Pulse oximetry coupled with spirometry in the emergency department helps differentiate an asthma exacerbation from possible vocal cord dysfunction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007;42:605-609. Abstract

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85. Landwehr LP, Wood RP 2nd, Blager FB, et al. Vocal cord dysfunction mimicking exercise-induced bronchospasm in adolescents. Pediatrics. 1996;98:971-974. Abstract

86. Jain S, Bandi V, Officer T, et al. Role of vocal cord function and dysfunction in patients presenting with symptoms of acute asthma exacerbation. J Asthma. 2006;43:207-12. Abstract

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88. Baldwin MK, Benumof JL. Paradoxical vocal cord movement: a unique case of occurrence and treatment. Anesthesiology. 2007;107:359. Abstract

89. Weir M. Vocal cord dysfunction mimics asthma and may respond to heliox. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2002;41:37-41. Abstract

90. Gose JE. Acute workup of vocal cord dysfunction. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;91:318. Abstract

91. Murry T, Sapienza C. The role of voice therapy in the management of paradoxical vocal fold motion, chronic cough, and laryngospasm. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2010;43:73-83, viii-ix. Abstract

92. Reitz JR, Gorman S, Kegyes J. Behavioral management of paradoxical vocal fold motion. Perspect Voice Voice Disord; 2014;24:64-70.Full text

93. Johnston KL, Bradford H, Hodges H, et al. The Olin EILOBI breathing techniques: description and initial case series of novel respiratory retraining strategies for athletes with exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction. J Voice. 2018 Nov;32(6):698-704. Abstract

94. Matrka L. Paradoxic vocal fold movement disorder. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2014 Feb;47(1):135-46. Abstract

95. Sullivan MD, Heywood BM, Beukelman DR. A treatment for vocal cord dysfunction in female athletes: an outcome study. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:1751-1755. Abstract

96. Gillespie A, Gartner-Schmidt J. Odor induced laryngeal hypersensitivity. Perspect Voice Voice Disord. 2006;16:10-15.

97. Muralitharan P, Carlsen P, Hilland M, et al. Use of inhaled ipratropium bromide to improve exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction cannot be recommended. ERJ Open Res. 2023 Jan;9(1):00308-2022.Full text  Abstract

98. Koufman JA, Block C. Differential diagnosis of paradoxical vocal fold movement. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2008;17:327-334. Abstract

99. Guglani L, Atkinson S, Hosanagar A, et al. A systematic review of psychological interventions for adult and pediatric patients with vocal cord dysfunction. Front Pediatr. 2014;2:82.Full text  Abstract

100. Ruddy BH, Davenport P, Baylor J, et al. Inspiratory muscle strength training with behavioral therapy in a case of a rower with presumed exercise-induced paradoxical vocal-fold dysfunction. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2004;68:1327-1332. Abstract

101. Mathers-Schmidt BA, Brilla LR. Inspiratory muscle training in exercise-induced paradoxical vocal fold motion. J Voice. 2005;19:635-44. Abstract

102. Hatzelis V, Murry T. Paradoxical vocal fold motion: respiratory retraining to manage long-term symptoms. J Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2012;24:80-85. Abstract

103. Sandnes A, Andersen T, Clemm HH, et al. Exercise-induced laryngeal obstruction in athletes treated with inspiratory muscle training. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2019;5(1):e000436.Full text  Abstract

104. Anbar RD, Hehir DA. Hypnosis as a diagnostic modality for vocal cord dysfunction. Pediatrics. 2000;106:E81.Full text  Abstract

105. Warnes E, Allen KD. Biofeedback treatment of paradoxical vocal fold motion and respiratory distress in an adolescent girl. J Appl Behav Anal. 2005;38:529-532.Full text  Abstract

106. Gallena SK, Johnson AT, Vossoughi J. Short-Term Intensive Therapy and Outcomes for Athletes With Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion Disorder. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2019 Feb 21;28(1):83-95.Full text  Abstract

107. Katz DH, Sella O, Golan H, et al. Buteyko Breathing Technique for Exertion-Induced Paradoxical Vocal Fold Motion (EI-PVFM). J Voice. 2019 Aug 12;:.Full text  Abstract

108. Maillard I, Schweizer V, Broccard A, et al. Use of botulinum toxin type A to avoid tracheal intubation or tracheostomy in severe paradoxical vocal cord movement. Chest. 2000;118:874-877.Full text  Abstract

109. Mahoney J, Hew M, Vertigan A, et al. Treatment effectiveness for vocal cord dysfunction in adults and adolescents: a systematic review. Clin Exp Allergy. 2022 Mar;52(3):387-404. Abstract

110. Park DP, Ayres JG, McLeod DT, et al. Vocal cord dysfunction treated with long-term tracheostomy: 2 case studies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2007;98:591-594. Abstract