Mortalidade entre 30% e 85% foi reportada para a síndrome do choque tóxico estreptocócico, ainda que a antibioticoterapia fosse iniciada imediatamente.[33]Davies HD, McGeer A, Schwartz B, et al. Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada. N Engl J Med. 1996 Aug 22;335(8):547-54.
http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199608223350803
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8684408?tool=bestpractice.com
[34]Demers B, Simor AE, Vellend H, et al. Severe invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada: 1987-1991. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Jun;16(6):792-800.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8329511?tool=bestpractice.com
[41]Stevens DL. Invasive group A streptococcus infections. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Jan;14(1):2-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1571429?tool=bestpractice.com
[46]Gaworzewska ET, Coleman G. Correspondence: group A streptococcal infections and a toxic shock-like syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:1546.[47]Stegmayr B, Bjorck S, Holm S, et al. Septic shock induced by group A streptococcal infections: clinical and therapeutic aspects. Scand J Infect Dis. 1992;24(5):589-97.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1465576?tool=bestpractice.com
[63]Stevens DL, Tanner MH, Winship J, et al. Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a shock-like syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1989 Jul 6;321(1):1-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2659990?tool=bestpractice.com
[99]Kohler W. Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1990 Mar;272(3):257-64.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2184817?tool=bestpractice.com
[115]Ekelund K, Skinhoj P, Madsen J, et al. Reemergence of emm1 and a changed superantigen profile for group A streptococci causing invasive infections: results from a nationwide study. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Apr;43(4):1789-96.
http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/content/full/43/4/1789
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15815000?tool=bestpractice.com
[116]Hasegawa T, Hashikawa SN, Nakamura T, et al. Factors determining prognosis in streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome: results of a nationwide investigation in Japan. Microbes Infect. 2004 Oct;6(12):1073-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15380776?tool=bestpractice.com
Geralmente, a morte decorre de arritmia cardíaca, cardiomiopatia e insuficiência respiratória.[117]Katz AR, Morens DM. Severe streptococcal infections in historical perspective. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Jan;14(1):298-307.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1571445?tool=bestpractice.com
[118]Braunstein H. Characteristics of group A streptococcal bacteremia in patients at the San Bernardino County Medical Center. Rev Infect Dis. 1991 Jan-Feb;13(1):8-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2017638?tool=bestpractice.com
A mortalidade mais elevada está associada à fasciite necrosante e à síndrome do choque tóxico.[63]Stevens DL, Tanner MH, Winship J, et al. Severe group A streptococcal infections associated with a shock-like syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1989 Jul 6;321(1):1-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2659990?tool=bestpractice.com
O choque é o preditor de morte mais importante.[119]Francis J, Warren RE. Streptococcus pyogenes bacteraemia in Cambridge: a review of 67 episodes. Q J Med. 1988 Aug;68(256):603-13.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3076677?tool=bestpractice.com
Idade avançada, hipotensão e falência de múltiplos órgãos estão significativamente associados com mortalidade elevada.[120]Hoge CW, Schwartz DF, Talkington DF, et al. The changing epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infections and the emergence of streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome: a retrospective population-based study. JAMA. 1993 Jan 20;269(3):384-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8418346?tool=bestpractice.com
A SCT estafilocócico menstrual tem mortalidade de aproximadamente 8%.[19]Berger S, Kunerl A, Wasmuth S, et al. Menstrual toxic shock syndrome: case report and systematic review of the literature. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Sep;19(9):e313-21.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31151811?tool=bestpractice.com
Um estudo realizado nos EUA constatou uma taxa de mortalidade mais alta na síndrome do choque tóxico não menstrual, em comparação com a síndrome do choque tóxico menstrual.[21]Hajjeh RA, Reingold A, Weil A, et al. Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: surveillance update, 1979-1996. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999 Nov-Dec;5(6):807-10.
https://www.doi.org/10.3201/eid0506.990611
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10603216?tool=bestpractice.com
No entanto, um estudo realizado no Reino Unido não relatou diferenças na mortalidade entre a síndrome do choque tóxico menstrual e não menstrual.[20]Sharma H, Smith D, Turner CE, et al. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome in the United Kingdom. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018 Feb;24(2).
https://www.doi.org/10.3201/eid2402.170606
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29350159?tool=bestpractice.com
A mortalidade pode ser mais elevada na SCT estafilocócico associada com toxinas diferentes da síndrome do choque tóxico toxina-1 (TSST-1).[119]Francis J, Warren RE. Streptococcus pyogenes bacteraemia in Cambridge: a review of 67 episodes. Q J Med. 1988 Aug;68(256):603-13.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3076677?tool=bestpractice.com
Exame físico na admissão e valores laboratoriais
Um estudo retrospectivo comparou os achados dos exames físicos na admissão e os valores laboratoriais dos sobreviventes em relação aos dos pacientes que morreram. A mortalidade foi significativamente superior em pacientes com:[121]Bongartz T, Sutton AJ, Sweeting MJ, et al. Anti-TNF antibody therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of serious infections and malignancies: systematic review and meta-analysis of rare harmful effects in randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2006 May 17;295(19):2275-85.
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/295/19/2275
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16705109?tool=bestpractice.com
Contagem leucocitária média inferior ≤10 x 10⁹/L (10,000 células/mm³)
Diminuição da contagem plaquetária ≤120 x 10⁹/L (120,000/mm³)
Creatinina sérica superior ≥265.2 micromoles/L (3 mg/dL)
Hipotermia, média ≤37 °C (98.6 °F)
Diminuição da pressão arterial (PA) sistólica média ≤90 mmHg.