In patients with known meningiomas, the use of hormone therapy should be reviewed. The association between exogenous hormone use and meningioma risk has been studied, although the data remain sparse and inconclusive.[34]Claus EB, Black PM, Bondy ML, et al. Exogenous hormone use and meningioma risk: what do we tell our patients? Cancer. 2007 Aug 1;110(3):471-6.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cncr.22783/full
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17580362?tool=bestpractice.com
[35]Korhonen K, Raitanen J, Isola J, et al. Exogenous sex hormone use and risk of meningioma: a population-based case-control study in Finland. Cancer Causes Control. 2010 Dec;21(12):2149-56.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20730482?tool=bestpractice.com
Consensus recommendations on the management of meningioma and sex hormone therapy have been published.[41]Reuter G, Potorac I, de Herdt C, et al. Recommendations on the management of meningioma and sex hormone therapy: the results of a collaborative effort between neurosurgical, endocrine and gynecological societies. Brain Spine. 2025;5:104154.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772529424014103
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39802864?tool=bestpractice.com
There have been case reports of malignant degeneration of meningiomas after radiation.[127]Lall RR, Lall RR, Smith TR, et al. Delayed malignant transformation of petroclival meningioma to chondrosarcoma after stereotactic radiosurgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2014 Jul;21(7):1225-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24491582?tool=bestpractice.com
[128]Osipov V, Ho KC, Krouwer HG, et al. Post-radiation dedifferentiation of meningioma into osteosarcoma. BMC Cancer. 2002 Dec 3:2:34.
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/2/34
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12464160?tool=bestpractice.com
Nevertheless, dedifferentiation has not been definitively linked to radiation therapy.[129]Rogers L, Barani I, Chamberlain M, et al. Meningiomas: knowledge base, treatment outcomes, and uncertainties. A RANO review. J Neurosurg. 2015 Jan;122(1):4-23.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343186?tool=bestpractice.com