Complications
Commonly occur due to social, occupational, and forensic problems.
May result from renal cysts or other renal involvement. Dialysis may be required.
May result from lymphangioleiomyomatosis, causing pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, interstitial fibrosis, and restrictive lung disease.
The sedative effects of concurrent anticonvulsant drug therapy and epileptic seizures often adversely affect strict regimens of consistent sleep routines and daily schedules. Adults may also be more prone to sleep apnea.
A combination of behavioral and pharmacologic treatments is generally needed.
Behavioral regimens include a consistent sleep-preparation routine, avoidance of stimulatory activity and stimulant drugs at time of sleep, minimization of disruptions to daily routine and major life changes, consistent sleep quarters, use of transitional objects, use of appropriate ambience conducive to sleep, avoidance of parental co-sleeping, and the use of comforting and restful ambient sounds.
An initial introduction of nightly melatonin can be beneficial. More potent sedatives may additionally be needed, but efficacy may be limited.[76][85]
Cognitive and behavioral problems can cause autistic spectrum disorders, aggressive behavior, learning disabilities, and occupational, social, and relationship problems.
May be caused by epileptic seizure or cardiac arrhythmia.
May occur if an intracranial aneurysm ruptures.
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