General outlook
Higher mortality and dialysis rates occur if there is worsening baseline kidney function, higher-grade stenosis, extensive coronary artery disease or peripheral vascular disease, or older age.[54]Balk EM, Raman G, Adam GP, et al. Renal artery stenosis management strategies: an updated comparative effectiveness review. Comparative effectiveness review no. 179. AHRQ publication no. 16-EHC026-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2016.
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/renal-update/research
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27583317?tool=bestpractice.com
Hypertension control
In bilateral RAS, angioplasty with stent deployment may be more effective than medical treatment alone regarding the goal of better BP control.
[
]
How does balloon angioplasty compare with medical therapy for people with hypertension and renal artery stenosis?/cca.html?targetUrl=https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cca/doi/10.1002/cca.2287/fullShow me the answer Patients may require fewer medications for control of hypertension after stenting. An exceedingly small percentage of patients may be cured of hypertension.[54]Balk EM, Raman G, Adam GP, et al. Renal artery stenosis management strategies: an updated comparative effectiveness review. Comparative effectiveness review no. 179. AHRQ publication no. 16-EHC026-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2016.
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/renal-update/research
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27583317?tool=bestpractice.com
Kidney function
Current evidence indicates that kidney outcomes are no different with medical therapy or interventional therapy. However, kidney function improvement has only been reported in patients undergoing angioplasty.[54]Balk EM, Raman G, Adam GP, et al. Renal artery stenosis management strategies: an updated comparative effectiveness review. Comparative effectiveness review no. 179. AHRQ publication no. 16-EHC026-EF. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2016.
https://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/topics/renal-update/research
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27583317?tool=bestpractice.com
Medical therapy vs. interventional procedures: complications
Evidence does not support meaningful conclusions about relative adverse events or complications of percutaneous vascular intervention compared with medical treatment.[55]Balk E, Raman G, Chung M, et al. Effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Dec 19;145(12):901-12.
http://annals.org/aim/article/731198/effectiveness-management-strategies-renal-artery-stenosis-systematic-review
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062633?tool=bestpractice.com
However, interventional therapy is associated with complications related to the procedure.
Patients undergoing renal artery percutaneous vascular intervention (angioplasty with or without stent deployment) require dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) after the procedure. This carries a risk of bleeding.
Cardiovascular outcomes
There is no difference in cardiovascular outcomes between medical therapy and interventional procedures.[46]Cooper CJ, Murphy TP, Cutlip DE, et al. Stenting and medical therapy for atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 2;370(1):13-22.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24245566?tool=bestpractice.com
[55]Balk E, Raman G, Chung M, et al. Effectiveness of management strategies for renal artery stenosis: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Dec 19;145(12):901-12.
http://annals.org/aim/article/731198/effectiveness-management-strategies-renal-artery-stenosis-systematic-review
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17062633?tool=bestpractice.com
[56]Pierdomenico SD, Pierdomenico AM, Cuccurullo C, et al. Cardiac events in hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis treated with renal angioplasty or drug therapy: meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Hypertens. 2012 Nov;25(11):1209-14.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22854636?tool=bestpractice.com