Case history
Case history #1
A 36-year-old prima gravida presents with dyspnea on exertion and two-pillow orthopnea (requiring two pillows at night to alleviate recumbent dyspnea) during her second trimester. Previous physical exams had disclosed no cardiac abnormalities. On current physical exam she has a loud first heart sound and a 2/6 diastolic rumbling murmur.
Case history #2
An 83-year-old man presents with progressive dyspnea on exertion over the past year. He is frail and his activities are limited but he notes difficulty climbing five stairs to access his front door. He complains of two-pillow orthopnea. On physical exam his neck veins are elevated. No murmur is heard.
Other presentations
May present with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, or systemic embolism.
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