Primary prevention
Preventive measures are largely speculative but, theoretically, weight loss, smoking cessation, and activity modification may all benefit patients and minimize back pain occurrence.
Secondary prevention
Treatment and preventive strategies with education, activity modification, nonopioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and early return to normal activities are successful for the majority of patients.
Physical exercise is recommended and has been shown to reduce the occurrence or duration of further episodes. There is insufficient consistent evidence to recommend for or against any specific type or intensity of exercise.[188]
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