Odontogenic infections secondary to involvement (inflammation) of the dental pulp are prevalent worldwide. An estimated 25% of adults over the age of 60 years have lost all of their teeth.[1]Agarwal AK, Sethi A, Sethi D, et al. Role of socioeconomic factors in deep neck abscess: a prospective study of 120 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Oct;45(7):553-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17306911?tool=bestpractice.com
Approximately half of these cases are related to dental caries, with the other half related to periodontal disease. There is no gender or ethnic predominance. A higher incidence has been reported in people of a lower socioeconomic status.[1]Agarwal AK, Sethi A, Sethi D, et al. Role of socioeconomic factors in deep neck abscess: a prospective study of 120 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007 Oct;45(7):553-5.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17306911?tool=bestpractice.com
[2]Kim PC, Zhou W, McCoy SJ, et al. Factors associated with preventable emergency department visits for nontraumatic dental conditions in the US. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 30;16(19):3671.
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3671/htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574897?tool=bestpractice.com
In 2018, more than 2 million emergency department visits in the US, which represented 615.5 visits per 100,000 population, involved diagnosis of a dental condition.[3]Owens PL, Manski RJ, Weiss AJ. Emergency department visits involving dental conditions, 2018. In: Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP) statistical briefs. Rockville MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2021: Statistical Brief #280.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34662009?tool=bestpractice.com
There is evidence that emergency department attendances for dental problems are increasing in high-income countries.[2]Kim PC, Zhou W, McCoy SJ, et al. Factors associated with preventable emergency department visits for nontraumatic dental conditions in the US. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 30;16(19):3671.
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/19/3671/htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574897?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Bassey O, Csikar J, Hallam J, et al. Non-traumatic dental presentations at accident and emergency departments in the UK: a systematic review. Br Dent J. 2020 Feb;228(3):171-6.
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/157750
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32060459?tool=bestpractice.com
A nationwide emergency department sample (a 20% stratified sample of more than 450 hospitals in 27 US states) showed 302,507 visits attributed to facial cellulitis in 2007 in the US.[5]Kim MK, Allareddy V, Nalliah RP, et al. Burden of facial cellulitis: estimates from the nationwide emergency department sample. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012 Sep;114(3):312-7.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22883981?tool=bestpractice.com
In children, the majority of emergency department visits for nontraumatic dental care are for caries, abscesses, or cellulitis.[6]Graham DB, Webb MD, Seale NS. Pediatric emergency room visits for nontraumatic dental disease. Pediatr Dent. Mar-Apr 2000;22(2):134-40.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10769858?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Ladrillo TE, Hobdell MH, Caviness AD. Increasing prevalence of emergency department visits for pediatric dental care, 1997-2001. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Mar;137(3):379-85.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16570472?tool=bestpractice.com
[8]Allareddy V, Nalliah RP, Haque M, et al. Hospital-based emergency department visits with dental conditions among children in the United States: nationwide epidemiological data. Pediatr Dent. 2014 Sep-Oct;36(5):393-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25303506?tool=bestpractice.com
Approximately 1 in 4 older adults are hospitalized after emergency department visits for dental caries, pulpal lesions, periapical abscess, gingival conditions, and cellulitis.[9]Nalliah RP, Lee MK, Rampa S, et al. Hospital-based ED visits with dental conditions among geriatric patients. J Mass Dent Soc. 2013 Summer;62(2):24-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24073519?tool=bestpractice.com