Differentials
Pre-renal azotaemia
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Oliguria is much more frequent.
INVESTIGATIONS
Urea-to-creatinine ratio is >20:1.
Ratio of urine to plasma creatinine levels are high and the urinary sodium concentration is low; fractional excretion of sodium is low.
Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) <1%.
Fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) <35%.
Intrinsic renal azotaemia
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
Patients with glomerular disease typically present with proteinuria and microscopic dysmorphic haematuria.
INVESTIGATIONS
Urinalysis shows proteinuria and microscopic haematuria.
Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) >2%.
Fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) >35%.
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