Differentials

Pre-renal azotaemia

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Oliguria is much more frequent.

INVESTIGATIONS

Urea-to-creatinine ratio is >20:1.

Ratio of urine to plasma creatinine levels are high and the urinary sodium concentration is low; fractional excretion of sodium is low.

Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) <1%.

Fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) <35%.

Intrinsic renal azotaemia

SIGNS / SYMPTOMS
INVESTIGATIONS
SIGNS / SYMPTOMS

Patients with glomerular disease typically present with proteinuria and microscopic dysmorphic haematuria.

INVESTIGATIONS

Urinalysis shows proteinuria and microscopic haematuria.

Fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) >2%.

Fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) >35%.

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