The estimated global prevalence of osteoporosis is 19.7%, with significant variation between different countries and regions (reported rates ranged from 4.1% in the Netherlands to 52.0% in Turkey).[5]Xiao PL, Cui AY, Hsu CJ, et al. Global, regional prevalence, and risk factors of osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2022 Oct;33(10):2137-53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35687123?tool=bestpractice.com
Women have an increased risk of osteoporosis, with global estimates of 23.1% in the general population and 35.3% in older women compared with 11.7% and 12.5%, respectively, in men.[6]Salari N, Ghasemi H, Mohammadi L, et al. The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Oct 17;16(1):609.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522202
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34657598?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Salari N, Darvishi N, Bartina Y, et al. Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Nov 13;16(1):669.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8590304
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34774085?tool=bestpractice.com
In the US in 2010, an estimated 10.2 million people aged 50 years and over suffered with osteoporosis, and 43.3 million more people had low bone mass.[8]Sarafrazi N, Wambogo EA, Shepherd JA. Osteoporosis or low bone mass in older adults: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2021 Mar;(405):1-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34029181?tool=bestpractice.com
Evidence suggests that rates and severity of fracture increase with age. Vertebral (spine) and hip fractures comprise 24% of all fractures in women aged 60-69 years, but account for 67% for women aged 80 years and over with fracture.[9]Cappola AR, Auchus RJ, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, et al. Hormones and aging: an Endocrine Society Scientific statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Jul 14;108(8):1835-74.
https://www.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgad225
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37326526?tool=bestpractice.com
Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 reported the age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis at either the femur neck or lumbar spine or both among adults aged 50 years and over was 12.6%.[8]Sarafrazi N, Wambogo EA, Shepherd JA. Osteoporosis or low bone mass in older adults: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2021 Mar;(405):1-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34029181?tool=bestpractice.com
Higher rates were seen in women than in men: 19.6% and 4.4%, respectively.[8]Sarafrazi N, Wambogo EA, Shepherd JA. Osteoporosis or low bone mass in older adults: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2021 Mar;(405):1-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34029181?tool=bestpractice.com
As a precursor of osteoporosis, low bone mass prevalence was reported at 43.1% for this age group, with an increased rate of 51.5% for women compared with 33.5% in men.[8]Sarafrazi N, Wambogo EA, Shepherd JA. Osteoporosis or low bone mass in older adults: United States, 2017-2018. NCHS Data Brief. 2021 Mar;(405):1-8.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34029181?tool=bestpractice.com
These data also suggest that the prevalence rate of osteoporosis has increased since the 2007-2008 report, in women but not in men, and that the rate of low bone mass had not changed for either gender.
One study that assessed the prevalence of osteoporosis in people aged 50 years and over in industrialised countries (US, Canada, five European countries, Australia, and Japan) reported the prevalence of osteoporosis in the spine or hip as: 44% in Japan, 20% in the US, 41% in Germany, 40% in France, 38% in Italy, 34% in the UK, 38% in Spain, 21% in Canada, and 28% in Australia.[10]Wade SW, Strader C, Fitzpatrick LA, et al. Estimating prevalence of osteoporosis: examples from industrialized countries. Arch Osteoporos. 2014;9:182.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24847682?tool=bestpractice.com
The highest rates of prevalence of osteoporosis are found in Africa, with 39.5% of the general population suffering from osteoporosis, and in Asia, with a prevalence rate of 24.3% in older people.[6]Salari N, Ghasemi H, Mohammadi L, et al. The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Oct 17;16(1):609.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522202
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34657598?tool=bestpractice.com
[7]Salari N, Darvishi N, Bartina Y, et al. Global prevalence of osteoporosis among the world older adults: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Nov 13;16(1):669.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8590304
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34774085?tool=bestpractice.com
A prevalence rate of 24.4% has been reported for countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.[11]Zamani M, Zamani V, Heidari B, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis with the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Osteoporos. 2018 Nov 17;13(1):129.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30448960?tool=bestpractice.com